Vitamins B Effectiveness in Different Nosological Forms

Abstract

B vitamins deserve special attention because they take an active part in the regulation of almost all systems activity, have a neurotropic effect. Among all B vitamins, the most actively used are B1 (thiamine), B6 (pyridoxine), B12 (cobalamin), which are prescribed both in monotherapy and in combination, intramuscularly or orally. Other B vitamins are rarely used alone, only in combination with other vitamins or biologically active supplements (dietary supplements). Thiamine is responsible for the metabolism of nerve tissues, the production of acetylcholine, which participates in carbohydrate metabolism and related energy, fat, protein, water-salt metabolism, has a regulating effect on trophism and the activity of the nervous system. Different forms of vitamin B1 (thiamine disulfide, thiamine hydrochloride, benfotiamine) have an analgesic effect, exhibit an antitumor effect. Pyridoxine exhibits an antioxidant effect, its phosphorylated form (pyridoxal phosphate) participates in the decarboxylation of amino acids, in the formation of physiologically active amines (adrenaline, serotonin, dopamine, tyramine). Polyneuropathy (PNP) of various genesis (diabetic, alcoholic, dysmetabolic) is a target for pyridoxine. Cobalamin is required as a co-factor of the cytosolic methionine synthase reaction and the mitochondrial methymalonyl-CoA mutase reaction. Vitamin B12 deficiency can be manifested by disorders in the hematopoiesis system, PNP, cognitive disorders. Other B vitamins are actively involved in metabolic processes: B2 (riboflavin) is used by the body to metabolize fats, proteins and carbohydrates into glucose for energy, participates in redox processes, the production of red blood cells, B3 (niacin) participates in the processes of anabolism and catabolism, B4 (choline) is necessary for the synthesis of acetylcholine, betaine and phospholipids, B5 (pantothenate) necessary for the synthesis of co-enzyme A, with a deficiency of which severe damage to the basal ganglia region develops, accompanied by progressive cognitive and motor disorders, B7 (biotin), B8 (inositol), B9 (folic acid), B10 (paraaminobenzoic acid) are necessary for normal body functioning. With a combined deficiency of vitamins B1, B2, B6 and B12, there is an increased risk of depression. In the treatment of diseases associated with B vitamins deficiency, a complex of vitamins should be prescribed to enhance the effect.