Transhumance and the Impact of Development on the Gujjar-Bakarwal Tribe: An Ethnographic Study of Cultural Perceptions and Land-use Changes

Abstract

Given the transformations that have happened owing to internal and external influences from a geographical perspective, the current research intends to provide a model for change in the Gujjar-Bakarwal lifestyle and socioeconomic environment. The research emphasises the significance of animal domestication and its function in the socioeconomic life of the Gujjar-Bakarwal tribe, who rely significantly on cattle for food, clothing, transportation, and other necessities. Semi-structured interviews with pastoralists, focus group discussions, a basic information acquisition questionnaire, and observations of rangeland and livestock management systems were used to collect data for the study. The study's findings illustrate how globalisation and modernity have had a substantial impact on pastoral communities in Gujjar-Bakarwal. The study sheds light on management measures that can be put in place to encourage sustainable development among the Gujjar Bakarwal. It emphasises the importance of focusing on animal husbandry and management, such as enhancing livestock health and production and building market links for livestock products. The study also emphasises the significance of improving education and healthcare among the Gujjar-Bakarwal population. The current study adds to our understanding of the Gujjar-Bakarwal tribe's socioeconomic existence and the relevance of animal domestication in their livelihoods. The report recommends approaches to enhance Gujjar-Bakarwal sustainable development and emphasises the importance of policymakers considering the unique demands and challenges encountered by pastoral communities when formulating policies and programmes.