Microbiological Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria in Diabetic Foot Ulcers of Type 1 and 2 Diabetic Mellitus Patients

Abstract

Globally, diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious health issue. Diabetic neuropathy, the most prevalent micro-vascular consequence of diabetes, raises the chance of developing foot ulcers. Different aerobic bacteria, including Gram positive cocci, Staphylococcus aureus, and (beta-haemolytic) Streptococcus are some of the pathogens that can colonize DFUs. Coagulation-negative Staphylococcus (CNS), Corynebacterium, Enterococcus, and Cutibacteria are frequently found in ulcer cultures in clinical practice; however they are typically regarded as colonizing rather than harmful bacteria. Anaerobes are detected in a smaller minority of DFIs and have been associated to altered innate and adaptive immune responses in the hyperglycemic milieu. Gram-negative bacteria account for about one third of DFIs. About 70 participants in all, including 29 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 41 patients with type 2 diabetes who have diabetic foot ulcers. Scarping of ulcers takes place after regular saline wound cleansing to eliminate surface pollutants, and then exudate is sampled. Pus, or discharges from the base of the ulcer, are then submitted to the laboratory as quickly as possible using an aseptic approach. Then, the bacteria were inoculated onto various culture media, such as MacConkey and Blood agar as enrichment media, and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24 hours to isolate aerobic bacteria. The following day, the bacteria were checked for growth, and a pure colony was then prepared. According to morphological, microscopic, and particular cards of the automated VITEK2 system, isolated bacteria were identified.