Self-employment as an Alternative to Labor Market Bifurcation: The Role of Human and Ethnic Social Capital

IF 0.4 Q4 DEMOGRAPHY

Population Review Pub Date : 2023-01-11 DOI:10.1353/prv.2023.0000

A. Portes, Ryan Bagwell, H. Noghanibehambari, Olaide Ojoniyi, S. Frade, Muhammad Zaheer-ud-Din Khan, R. Said, N. Mazlan, N. Nor, O. Winckler

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Abstract

Abstract:The article examines the role of self-employment in a post-industrial labor market bifurcated between high paying-jobs in the profession and low-paying jobs in the services and construction. In the context, self-employment emerges as an alternative to pour wages and unemployment among both native and immigrant workers. The analysis shows that self-employment is not homogenous between “survival” enterprises yielding minimal income and incorporated firms whose owners earn incomes significantly above their wage-earning counterparts. We examine these differences among whites, blacks, native born and major immigrant nationalities. We examine determinants of earnings and self-employment and find that both are significantly influenced by human capital factors but that, controlling for them, significant differences exist among ethnic groups. These are attributed to differences in social capital linked to ethnic networks. The paper illustrates these differences with examples from the immigrant economic literature and discusses the implications for individual and collective economic achievement.

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自雇作为劳动力市场分化的一种选择:人力和民族社会资本的作用

摘要:本文考察了自雇在高薪职业和低薪服务业、建筑业的后工业劳动力市场中的作用。在这种情况下，自营职业成为本地和移民工人工资和失业的另一种选择。分析表明，在收入最低的“生存”企业和所有者收入明显高于工资收入的公司之间，自营职业是不相同的。我们研究了白人、黑人、本土出生和主要移民国籍之间的这些差异。我们研究了收入和自营职业的决定因素，发现两者都受到人力资本因素的显著影响，但在控制它们的情况下，种族群体之间存在显著差异。这归因于与种族网络相关的社会资本的差异。本文以移民经济文献为例说明了这些差异，并讨论了对个人和集体经济成就的影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Population Review DEMOGRAPHY-

CiteScore

1.30

自引率

14.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： Population Review publishes scholarly research that covers a broad range of social science disciplines, including demography, sociology, social anthropology, socioenvironmental science, communication, and political science. The journal emphasizes empirical research and strives to advance knowledge on the interrelationships between demography and sociology. The editor welcomes submissions that combine theory with solid empirical research. Articles that are of general interest to population specialists are also desired. International in scope, the journal’s focus is not limited by geography. Submissions are encouraged from scholars in both the developing and developed world. Population Review publishes original articles and book reviews. Content is published online immediately after acceptance.