Effect of Local Nanosilver Loaded with Tetracycline in Treatment of Induced Infection of Rat Buccal Mucosa with Porphyromonas Gingivalis (Histological and Immunohistochemical Study)

Abstract

Introduction: Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium found to be the major etiologic agent that contributes to periodontitis. It has been found to be the major etiologic agent that contributes to periodontitis and produces many factors that cause destruction to periodontal tissues in both ways directly and indirectly by modulating the host inflammatory response. Silver nanoparticles are considered as an effective antimicrobial agent and their ability to load various medication combinations onto silver nanoparticles provides them a highly antibacterial mechanism of action, to which bacteria have developed resistance. Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of silver nanoparticles loaded with tetracycline in treatment of induced infection by Porphyromonas gingivalis of the rat’s buccal mucosa through histological examination and immunohistochemical localization of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA). Material and Methods: Eighteen male albino rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal (negative), infected (positive) with induced P. gingivalis and treated group with nanosilver loaded with tetracycline for fourteen days. Samples were examined under the light microscope for histological and immunohistochemical evaluation through PCNA labeling index where the number of PCNA positive cells were divided by the total cell number in the basal cell layer was estimated and treated statistically. Results: Histological findings were represented by increase in the surface epithelium, numbers of clear cells throughout different layers of epithelium and great collagen dissociation at multiple areas in lamina propria of group II animals while group III treated with nanosilver loaded with tetracycline showed epithelium regained their normal histological structure with scattered inflammatory cells with almost normal structure of lamina propria. There was significant decrease in PCNA labeling index of the surface epithelium of the buccal mucosa of group II animals compared with normal group I as well as significant increase in PCNA labeling index of group III. Conclusion: Synergetic conjugation of nano-silver with antibiotic drug as tetracycline showed improvement in the histological picture and cellular proliferation rate of epithelial cells of rat’s buccal mucosa.