The Prevalence of Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders Among HIV-infected Patients in a Population From the South of Iran

Disease and Diagnosis Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.34172/ddj.2022.02

P. Davoodian, Marzie Nourozian, A. Atashabparvar, Ghazal Zoghi, Mahsa Ghasemi, Masoumeh Kheirandish

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Abstract

Background: Since the beginning of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic, the number of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has shown a steady increase. Previous evidence exists regarding the evaluation of endocrine dysfunction in HIV-infected individuals. The present study sought to investigate the prevalence of metabolic and endocrine disorders in HIV-positive patients. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 72 HIV-positive patients supported by the Behavioral Diseases Center of Bandar Abbas, Iran were recruited from April, 2016 to September, 2017. Patients who did not consent to participate were excluded from the study. Several parameters were measured, including serum free T3, free T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), free testosterone, cortisol, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and low- and high-density lipoprotein levels. Finally, data were analyzed using chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: High serum lipoprotein levels, diabetes, and prediabetes were observed in 28/72 (38.9%), 13/72 (18.1%), and 17/72 (23.6%) patients, respectively. The prevalence of overt hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism, as well as overt hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism was 32.8% (22/67), 9% (6/67), 1.5% (1/67), and 7.5% (5/67), respectively. Primary and secondary gonadal dysfunction were found in 1/47 (2.1%) and 9/47 (19.1%) patients, respectively. Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency were detected in 8/53 (15.1%) and 1/53 (1.9%) patients, respectively. Diabetes was significantly more frequent among older patients and those with a history of addiction. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated a relatively high frequency of metabolic and endocrine disorders, especially dyslipidemia and hypothyroidism in HIV-positive patients.

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伊朗南部人群中hiv感染患者的代谢和内分泌紊乱患病率

背景:自从获得性免疫缺陷综合症(艾滋病)开始流行以来，感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(艾滋病毒)的人数稳步增加。先前存在关于hiv感染者内分泌功能障碍评估的证据。本研究旨在调查hiv阳性患者中代谢和内分泌紊乱的患病率。材料与方法:本横断面研究于2016年4月至2017年9月招募伊朗阿巴斯港行为疾病中心支持的72例hiv阳性患者。不同意参与的患者被排除在研究之外。测量血清游离T3、游离T4、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、游离睾酮、皮质醇、空腹血糖(FPG)、2小时血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯、低脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白水平。最后，采用卡方检验和Mann-Whitney检验对数据进行分析。结果:高血脂患者28/72(38.9%)、糖尿病患者13/72(18.1%)、糖尿病前期患者17/72(23.6%)。显性甲状腺功能减退和亚临床甲状腺功能减退以及显性甲状腺功能亢进和亚临床甲状腺功能亢进的患病率分别为32.8%(22/67)、9%(6/67)、1.5%(1/67)和7.5%(5/67)。原发性和继发性性腺功能障碍分别占1/47(2.1%)和9/47(19.1%)。原发性和继发性肾上腺功能不全患者分别为8/53(15.1%)和1/53(1.9%)。糖尿病在老年患者和有成瘾史的患者中更为常见。结论:本研究结果提示hiv阳性患者代谢和内分泌紊乱的发生率较高，尤其是血脂异常和甲状腺功能减退。

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Disease and Diagnosis

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