Growth and development : ecosystems phenomenology

IF 2.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Estuaries and Coasts Pub Date : 1988-03-01 DOI:10.2307/1351721

R. Ulanowicz

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引用次数: 579

Abstract

1. Introduction.- 1.1 The Enigma.- 1.2 The Imprecise Universe.- 1.3 The Dilemma of Modern Biology.- 1.4 Phenomenological Redress.- 1.5 Origins of the Principle.- 2. The Perspective.- 2.1 Thermodynamics: The Phenomenological Science.- 2.2 The First Law and the Nature of Work.- 2.3 The Second Law.- 2.4 Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics and Proto-Communities.- 2.5 Summary.- 3. The Object.- 3.1 The Ubiquity of Flows.- 3.2 Describing Flow Networks.- 3.3 Analyzing Flow Networks.- 3.4 Standing Stocks and Fluxes.- 3.5 Summary.- 4. An Agent.- 4.1 Cycles and Autonomous Behavior.- 4.2 Autonomous Behavior and Holistic Description.- 4.3 The Amount of Cycling in Flow Networks.- 4.4 The Structure of Network Cycles.- 4.5 Summary.- 5. The Calculus.- 5.1 Information Theory and Ecology.- 5.2 The Uncertainty of an Outcome.- 5.3 Information.- 5.4 Summary.- 6 The Description.- 6.1 The Network Perspective.- 6.2 Growth.- 6.3 Development.- 6.4 Simultaneous Growth and Development.- 6.5 Ascendency Arising from a Dynamic Tension.- 6.6 Generic Limits to Growth and Development.- 6.7 Autonomous Growth and Development Ill.- 6.8 The Limits to Autonomous Growth and Development.- 6.9 Phenomenological Basis for Optimal Ascendency.- 6.10 The Principle of Maximal Work.- 6.11 Relationship to Other Variational Principles.- 6.12 Summary.- 7 Extensions.- 7.1 The Incomplete Picture.- 7.2 Spatial Heterogeneity.- 7.3 Temporal Dynamics.- 7.4 Multiple Media.- 7.5 Overall Heterogeneity.- 7.6 Aggregation.- 7.7 Ascertaining Configurations of Optimal Ascendency.- 7.8 Other Applications-Economics and Ontogeny.- 7.9 Summary.- 7.10 Epilogue.- Appendix A: Review of Matrix and Vector Operations.- Appendix B: A Program to Calculate Information Indices.- References.- Author Index.

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生长与发展:生态系统现象学

1. 介绍。- 1.1谜机。1.2不精确的宇宙。- 1.3现代生物学的困境- 1.4现象学补救。- 1.5原则的起源。－ 2. 的视角。- 2.1热力学:现象学科学。- 2.2第一定律和工作的本质。- 2.3第二定律。- 2.4非平衡热力学和原始群落。—2.5汇总。- 3。对象。3.1流动的普遍性。- 3.2描述流网络。—3.3流网络分析。- 3.4常备库存和通量。—3.5概要信息。- 4。一个代理。- 4.1循环和自主行为。- 4.2自主行为和整体描述。- 4.3流量网络中的循环量。—4.4网络周期的结构。—4.5摘要信息。- 5所示。微积分。- 5.1信息理论与生态学。- 5.2结果的不确定性。—5.3信息。—5.4摘要信息。- 6描述信息。—6.1网络视图。- 6.2增长。- 6.3开发。- 6.4同时成长和发展。- 6.5由动态张力引起的优势。- 6.6增长和发展的一般限制。- 6.7自主成长与发展病。- 6.8自主成长和发展的限制。- 6.9最优优势的现象学基础。- 6.10最大工作原则。- 6.11与其他变分原则的关系。—6.12汇总。- 7扩展。- 7.1不完整的画面。- 7.2空间异质性。- 7.3时间动力学。—7.4多媒体。- 7.5整体异质性。—7.6聚合。- 7.7确定最优优势的配置。- 7.8其他应用-经济学和个体发生学。—7.9概要信息。- 7.10尾声。-附录A:矩阵和向量运算回顾。-附录B:计算信息指数的程序。——引用。-作者索引。

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来源期刊

Estuaries and Coasts 环境科学-海洋与淡水生物学

CiteScore

5.60

自引率

11.10%

发文量

107

审稿时长

12-24 weeks

期刊介绍： Estuaries and Coasts is the journal of the Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation (CERF). Begun in 1977 as Chesapeake Science, the journal has gradually expanded its scope and circulation. Today, the journal publishes scholarly manuscripts on estuarine and near coastal ecosystems at the interface between the land and the sea where there are tidal fluctuations or sea water is diluted by fresh water. The interface is broadly defined to include estuaries and nearshore coastal waters including lagoons, wetlands, tidal fresh water, shores and beaches, but not the continental shelf. The journal covers research on physical, chemical, geological or biological processes, as well as applications to management of estuaries and coasts. The journal publishes original research findings, reviews and perspectives, techniques, comments, and management applications. Estuaries and Coasts will consider properly carried out studies that present inconclusive findings or document a failed replication of previously published work. Submissions that are primarily descriptive, strongly place-based, or only report on development of models or new methods without detailing their applications fall outside the scope of the journal.