Modelling Effects of Drug Testing Procedures on Performance Trends in the Shot Put

L. Foster, S. Haake, D. James, A. Nevill
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

Objectives: The effect of performance enhancing drugs on historic performance records in sport is open to interpretation and needs empirical support. Here we addressed this contentious issue by assessing whether a double sigmoidal model could detect decrements in sporting performance attributed to introduction of drug testing protocols. Methods: Distances thrown by the top 25 male and female shot putters since the end of the 19th century were modelled using a double sigmoid. Results: First-phase peak acceleration in the men’s and women’s shot put was reached in 1981 and 1986 respectively coinciding with advent of systematic doping programs. Shot put performance of men and women underwent a second-phase decline of 5.3 m and 8.9 m, in 1991 and 1994, respectively. Performance decrements in women’s shot put were nearly double that for men, but much of this difference resulted from the reduced mass of their shot. Controlling for changes in mass, women’s shot put performance appears to decline to a greater extent than men’s, based on raw energy calculations. Conclusions: The double sigmoidal model detected a second-phase decline in shot put performances. We attribute this data feature to onset of improved drug testing protocols and a consequential reduction of doping. The assumption is that drug testing programs of shot putters has been successful and reduced the prevalence of drug taking in that sport. The application of a double sigmoidal model to historic performance statistics can be used to detect unknown interventions in analyses of sports performance.
铅球运动中药物检测程序对成绩趋势的模拟效应
目的:提高成绩的药物对历史成绩记录的影响是开放的解释,需要实证支持。在这里,我们通过评估双s型模型是否可以检测到由于引入药物检测方案而导致的运动成绩下降来解决这个有争议的问题。方法:采用双s型曲线对19世纪末以来排名前25位的男女铅球运动员的投掷距离进行建模。结果:男子和女子铅球的第一阶段加速度峰值分别在1981年和1986年达到,同时出现了系统的兴奋剂计划。男子和女子铅球成绩在1991年和1994年分别下降了5.3米和8.9米。女子铅球成绩的下降几乎是男子的两倍,但这种差异很大程度上是由于她们铅球质量的减少。根据原始能量计算,在控制体重变化的情况下,女子铅球成绩的下降幅度似乎比男子更大。结论:双s型模型检测到铅球成绩的第二阶段下降。我们将这一数据特征归因于改进的药物检测协议的开始和相应的兴奋剂减少。假设铅球运动员的药物测试项目是成功的,并且减少了这项运动中服用药物的流行。双s型模型在历史表现统计中的应用可用于检测运动表现分析中的未知干预。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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