Role of GPCRs towards Cell: An explanation of G-Protein Coupled Receptor Structure

Abstract

The molecular framework means the plasma membrane which is made up of phospholipid bilayer consist of Gprotein coupled receptor. The name GPCR refers to a common mode of receptor signalling via GTPbinding protein on the inside of the cells. Because their polypeptide chain passes seven times through the plasma membrane, GPCRs are also called as SEVENTRANSMEMBRANE (7TM) receptor. 7TM receptors mediate the physiological signals from the outside of the cells. Then these signal can be a change in the concentration of protein, lipid, neurotransmitters, ions, hormones, odourants, tastants, etc., or an influx to the eye. GPCRs transform these signals to the inside of the cells and elicit a series of reactions involving other nucleotide, protein and metal ions, which eventually deliver a message and appropriate cellular and physiological response1,2 (Figure 1). Receptor is a molecule on or in a cell with which a drug, hormones, neurotransmitters etc. can initially interacts. GProtein coupled receptors are heptahelical, serpentine receptor and are multifunctional receptor having a lots of clinical implications.3