Pore structures in insect olfactory sensilla: A review of data and concepts

Rudolf Alexander Steinbrecht
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引用次数: 286

Abstract

An historical overview is given of the most important discoveries and hypotheses regarding stimulus transport in insect olfaction. The great structural similarity between the pore tubules of olfactory single-walled wall-pore sensilla and the epicuticular filaments of non-olfactory cuticle may reflect not only a similar composition but also a similar transport mechanism. The new “wick concept” of pore tubules comprises 2 developmental periods. First, during ontogeny of the sensillum, pore tubules may be involved in the secretion of the material of the outermost epicuticular layers. The pore tubules may function like the wick in an oil lamp, taking up lipoid molecules from the sensillum lymph for outward transport. During the second period, after the sensillum has been completed, the pore-tubule wick may work as a dispenser of odorant molecules in an inward direction. The large surface of pore tubules as compared with the cross section of the outer pores could facilitate the binding of odorant molecules by the odorant-binding proteins in the sensillum lymph. In double-walled wall-pore sensilla, on the other hand, pore tubules are not involved in stimulus transport. In this class of olfactory sensilla, the dendrites are protected by a palisade of cuticular fingers, and openings between these fingers, the spoke channels, are the stimulus transport pathways. The fundamentally different topology of sensillar wall pores hints at a separate phylogenetic origin of the two categories of insect olfactory sensilla.

昆虫嗅觉感受器的孔结构:资料和概念综述
对昆虫嗅觉刺激转运的重要发现和假设进行了历史回顾。嗅觉单壁壁孔感受器的孔小管与非嗅觉角质层的表皮细丝在结构上具有很大的相似性,这可能不仅反映了它们的组成相似,而且反映了它们的运输机制相似。新的孔管“芯”概念包括两个发育阶段。首先,在感觉器的个体发育过程中,孔小管可能参与最外层表皮物质的分泌。孔小管的功能类似于油灯的灯芯,从感受器淋巴中吸收脂质分子向外运输。在第二个阶段,在感觉器完成后,孔小管灯芯可以作为向内方向的气味分子的分配器。与外孔的横截面相比,孔小管的大表面可以促进嗅觉分子被感受器淋巴中的气味结合蛋白结合。另一方面,在双壁壁孔感受器中,孔小管不参与刺激转运。在这类嗅觉感受器中,树突被表皮指状的栅栏保护着,这些指状之间的开口,即辐条通道,是刺激的运输通道。感觉器壁孔的根本不同的拓扑结构暗示了两类昆虫嗅觉感觉器的不同系统发育起源。
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