Oral Impacts on Daily Performances among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus on HAART Era Attending Care and Treatment Clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Leonard Evarist, I. Minja
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Abstract

Oral disease/conditions are reported to have negative effects on the quality of life of People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (PLWHIV/AIDS). This study aimed to assess the prevalence and causes of oral impacts on daily performances (OIDP) and its associated factors among PLWHIV/AIDS. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 218 PLWHIV/AIDS attending two HIV Care and Treatment Centres (CTCs) in Dar es Salaam. The study utilized a structured interview schedule containing questions on socio-demography and a single item of global oral health measure on the perception of current oral health status (OHS). A Swahili version of an OIDP inventory was used to assess the impacts of oral conditions on participants’ daily performances. Frequency distribution, chi-square, and logistic regression analyses were conducted (p < 0.05). Participants’ age ranged from 20 to 70 years, mean of 41.15 SD 10.7. About 70% (n = 154) of the participants perceived their oral health status (OHS) as good. The prevalence of OIDP (³ 1) was 26.1% (n = 57). The most affected performances reported were eating and chewing food followed by maintaining the usual emotional state without being irritable. Toothache was the main cause of impacts on all daily performances except ‘speaking and pronouncing clearly’ which was caused by oral ulcer. Age (p = 0.025) and perceived oral health status (p = 0.000) were significantly associated with OIDP. More studies on biological and behavioural factors are recommended to support inclusion of oral health in CTCs. Keywords: Care and Treatment Centres; HAART; HIV; Oral health; Quality of life
口服对在坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆护理和治疗诊所接受HAART治疗的人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者日常表现的影响
据报告,口腔疾病/病症对人体免疫机能丧失病毒/获得性免疫机能丧失综合症(PLWHIV/艾滋病)患者的生活质量产生负面影响。本研究旨在了解口腔影响日常表现(OIDP)在plhiv /AIDS人群中的流行情况、原因及其相关因素。在达累斯萨拉姆的两个艾滋病毒护理和治疗中心(CTCs)对218名艾滋病毒感染者/艾滋病患者进行了横断面研究。该研究利用了一个结构化的访谈时间表,其中包含有关社会人口学的问题和关于当前口腔健康状况(OHS)感知的全球口腔健康措施的单个项目。使用斯瓦希里语版本的OIDP清单来评估口腔状况对参与者日常表现的影响。进行频率分布、卡方和logistic回归分析(p < 0.05)。参与者年龄20 ~ 70岁,平均41.15 SD 10.7。约70% (n = 154)的参与者认为他们的口腔健康状况(OHS)良好。OIDP(³1)患病率为26.1% (n = 57)。据报道,最受影响的表现是进食和咀嚼食物,其次是保持正常的情绪状态而不易怒。除口腔溃疡引起的“说话发音不清”外,牙痛是影响日常生活的主要原因。年龄(p = 0.025)和感知口腔健康状况(p = 0.000)与OIDP显著相关。建议对生物和行为因素进行更多的研究,以支持将口腔健康纳入CTCs。关键词:护理治疗中心;鸡尾酒疗法;艾滋病毒;口腔健康;生活质量
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