How Important is Environmentally Sustainable Tourism? Evidence in Indonesia from 1974-2018 Using NARDL Cointegration

Nadya Setiawati, Eksa Pamungkas
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Tourism is one of the most important sectors of the Indonesian economy because it is one of the mainstay sectors in obtaining foreign exchange, which is expected to increase economic growth. However, along with its positive impact on economic growth, the expansion of the tourism industry is also a significant contribution to rising CO2 emissions and energy consumption. This study focuses on assessing the impact of the tourism sector as proxied by the number of international tourist visits on GDP per capita and the environment as seen from CO2 emissions and total energy consumption. This study uses data covering 44 years (1974 - 2018). The Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) method was used in this study. The results indicate that an increase in total foreign tourist arrivals has a positive impact on real GDP per capita and total energy consumption in the short term, whereas a decrease has a beneficial effect on reducing real GDP per capita, CO2 emissions, and total energy consumption. In the long term, an increase in total international tourist arrivals is known to have a positive effect on increasing real GDP per capita, CO2 emissions, and total energy consumption; then, the decrease has a positive effect on reducing real GDP per capita and CO2 emissions. The result of this study demonstrates that an increase in total international tourist arrivals has a positive effect on short- and long-term impact on real GDP per capita and total energy consumption. There are several policy implications as a consideration of the results of this study, such as the use of carbon-neutral transportation and hybrid energy as well as tax breaks or low-cost financing opportunities to purchase and install green technology.
环境可持续旅游有多重要?1974-2018年印度尼西亚的证据:使用NARDL协整
旅游业是印尼经济中最重要的部门之一,因为它是获得外汇的支柱部门之一,预计将增加经济增长。然而,随着旅游业对经济增长的积极影响,旅游业的扩张也对二氧化碳排放和能源消耗的增加做出了重大贡献。本研究的重点是评估以国际旅游人次为代表的旅游业对人均国内生产总值和从二氧化碳排放和总能源消耗来看的环境的影响。这项研究使用了44年(1974 - 2018)的数据。本研究采用非线性自回归分布滞后(NARDL)方法。结果表明,外国游客数量的增加在短期内对实际人均GDP和能源消费总量有积极影响,而减少对实际人均GDP、二氧化碳排放和能源消费总量有有益影响。从长期来看,国际游客总人数的增加对增加实际人均国内生产总值、二氧化碳排放和总能源消耗具有积极影响;那么,这种减少对实际人均GDP和二氧化碳排放量的降低有积极的影响。研究结果表明,国际游客总数的增加对实际人均GDP和总能源消耗具有短期和长期的积极影响。考虑到这项研究的结果,有几个政策影响,例如使用碳中和运输和混合能源,以及税收减免或购买和安装绿色技术的低成本融资机会。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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