Prevalence and Factors Associated to Persistent Anemia among Pregnant Women in the Buea Health District, Cameroon

S. Ako, Bimabam Josiah, Oscar Sakwe, Tembong Nerville, V. Ndassi
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Abstract

Introduction: Anemia in pregnancy represents a life-threatening but preventable reason for maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality. Although intervention measures are practiced in most affected countries like Cameroon, the impact of anemia on pregnant women is still apparent in most local communities. The relative contribution of sociodemographic related to anemia throughout gestation varies greatly and warrants investigation in urban and rural communities in developing countries, where the condition is most apparent. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was carried out from February to July 2019 at six sites, Original Research Article Ako et al.; IBRR, 12(1): 20-27, 2021; Article no.IBRR.60708 21 Regional Hospital Buea, Bokwango Integrated Health Center (IHC), Buea Road IHC, Buea town IHC, Molyko IHC, and Great Soppo IHC. A total of 408 pregnant women were enrolled in the study. The sociodemographic characteristics identified through questionnaires filled by the participants included age, marital status, educational status, occupation, gravida status, alcohol intake, iron folate intake, knowledge on anemia and crave for non-food substance. The clinical factors of participants gathered included previous records of diarrhea within the last 6 months, diagnosis for worm infection for the last 6 months, diagnosis for Malaria for the last 6 months. A blood sample was collected and analyzed with a haemoglobinometer ( HemoCue 201+ system, Sweden). SPSS version 22 statistical package software was used to perform the data analysis. Factors related to anemia among participants unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with their 95%CI were calculated using logistic regression models. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 50 %. Among the anemic study participants 0.74 %, 11.76 %, and 37.50 % recorded severe, moderate, and mild levels of anemia respectively. The majority of the anemic participants 195 (95.6%) and 126 (61.8) had recently been diagnosed for Malaria and worm infections respectively. Craving for non-food substances (Calabar clay) and poor adherence to iron folate intake had a prevalence of 120 (58.8%) and 117 (57.4%) respectively. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that, irregular adherence to iron folate intake and reduce intake of iron folate frequency 2-3 times/week was statistically significantly associated with anemia (p=0.0001 and p= 0.0001 respectively). We equally observed a statistically significant association of alcohol drink consumption and craving for non-food substances (Calabar clay) with anemia (p=0.004 and p=0.0001 respectively). Cases of worm infection for the last 6 months were statistically significantly related to anemia (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Anemia is high among pregnant women in the Buea health district. Factors associated with persistent anemia despite intervention measures in the community hospitals include malaria; no intake or reduced intake of iron folate; alcohol drinks consumption; craving for non-food substances (Calabar clay) and previously diagnosed worm infection within the last 6 months.
喀麦隆布埃亚卫生区孕妇持续性贫血的患病率及相关因素
妊娠期贫血是一种危及生命但可预防的孕产妇和儿童发病率和死亡率原因。尽管在喀麦隆等受影响最严重的国家采取了干预措施,但在大多数地方社区,贫血对孕妇的影响仍然很明显。与妊娠期贫血相关的社会人口因素的相对贡献差异很大,值得在发展中国家的城市和农村社区进行调查,那里的情况最明显。方法:于2019年2月至7月在6个地点进行横断面研究设计,原始研究文章Ako等人;中国生物医学工程学报,12(1):20- 27,2021;文章no.IBRR。21地区医院Buea, Bokwango综合卫生中心(IHC), Buea路IHC, Buea镇IHC, Molyko IHC和Great Soppo IHC。共有408名孕妇参加了这项研究。参与者通过填写问卷确定的社会人口特征包括年龄、婚姻状况、教育状况、职业、妊娠状况、酒精摄入量、叶酸铁摄入量、对贫血的了解以及对非食物物质的渴望。收集的临床因素包括近6个月的腹泻记录、近6个月的蠕虫感染诊断、近6个月的疟疾诊断。采集血样并用血红蛋白仪(HemoCue 201+系统,瑞典)进行分析。采用SPSS第22版统计软件包软件进行数据分析。使用logistic回归模型计算未调整和调整后95%CI的比值比中与贫血相关的因素。结果:贫血的发生率为50%。在贫血研究参与者中,分别有0.74%、11.76%和37.50%的人记录了重度、中度和轻度贫血。大多数贫血参与者分别有195人(95.6%)和126人(61.8%)最近被诊断患有疟疾和蠕虫感染。对非食物物质(卡拉巴粘土)的渴求和对铁叶酸摄入的不坚持分别占120(58.8%)和117(57.4%)。多项logistic回归分析显示,不规律地坚持叶酸铁摄入和减少叶酸铁摄入频率2 ~ 3次/周与贫血有统计学意义(p=0.0001和p=0.0001)。我们同样观察到,酒精饮料消费和对非食物物质(Calabar粘土)的渴望与贫血之间存在统计学上显著的关联(p=0.004和p=0.0001)。最近6个月虫感染病例与贫血有统计学意义(p = 0.004)。结论:Buea卫生区孕妇贫血率较高。尽管在社区医院采取了干预措施,但与持续性贫血相关的因素包括疟疾;不摄入或减少叶酸铁的摄入;酒精饮料的消费;对非食物物质(卡拉巴粘土)的渴望,并在过去6个月内被诊断为蠕虫感染。
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