{"title":"Voltammetric sensing of dopamine in urine samples with electrochemically activated commercially available screen-printed carbon electrodes","authors":"I. S. Muratova, K. Mikhelson","doi":"10.15406/IJBSBE.2018.04.00120","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Dopamine (DA) is a representative of neurotransmitters (neuromediators) responsible for the transfer of neural signals in human and animal bodies.1–5 The level of dopamine in the human body is crucial for learning and memory, for cardiovascular and renal systems, and for human behavior.1–3,6–8 Deviations from normal levels of dopamine cause schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and a number of other health problems, including drug addiction.9–12 Normal levels of dopamine concentration, dependent on the age, are from 0.1 to 0.4 nM in the blood, variation in urine is wider: from 0.1 to 2 μM.13,14 Thus, in real samples, dopamine must be measured at rather low concentrations and in the presence of various interferences, in particular ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). Liquid chromatography is the method of choice for measurements of dopamine and other catecholamine’s in clinics.15 However, electrochemical methods of the dopamine control attract increasing attention because electrochemical sensing is promising in view of a rapid, sensitive, selective, and low-cost detection of various biomolecular analytes. Among electrochemical methods of dopamine sensing, it was reported on potentiometry with electrodes selective either to dopamine,16,17 or to ions involved in the dopamine oxidation process, e.g IO4 −.18 Due to insufficient selectivity and sensitivity, these measurements are only suitable to control pharmaceutical formulations, but not for body fluids. A possibility was demonstrated of sensing dopamine resist metrically, with arrays of gold nanowires.19 The data presented in reviews on various techniques of measurements of dopamine20–23 indicate voltammetry as the predominating approach to measure this analyte electrochemically.","PeriodicalId":15247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2018-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"5","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Biosensors and Bioelectronics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJBSBE.2018.04.00120","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a representative of neurotransmitters (neuromediators) responsible for the transfer of neural signals in human and animal bodies.1–5 The level of dopamine in the human body is crucial for learning and memory, for cardiovascular and renal systems, and for human behavior.1–3,6–8 Deviations from normal levels of dopamine cause schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and a number of other health problems, including drug addiction.9–12 Normal levels of dopamine concentration, dependent on the age, are from 0.1 to 0.4 nM in the blood, variation in urine is wider: from 0.1 to 2 μM.13,14 Thus, in real samples, dopamine must be measured at rather low concentrations and in the presence of various interferences, in particular ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). Liquid chromatography is the method of choice for measurements of dopamine and other catecholamine’s in clinics.15 However, electrochemical methods of the dopamine control attract increasing attention because electrochemical sensing is promising in view of a rapid, sensitive, selective, and low-cost detection of various biomolecular analytes. Among electrochemical methods of dopamine sensing, it was reported on potentiometry with electrodes selective either to dopamine,16,17 or to ions involved in the dopamine oxidation process, e.g IO4 −.18 Due to insufficient selectivity and sensitivity, these measurements are only suitable to control pharmaceutical formulations, but not for body fluids. A possibility was demonstrated of sensing dopamine resist metrically, with arrays of gold nanowires.19 The data presented in reviews on various techniques of measurements of dopamine20–23 indicate voltammetry as the predominating approach to measure this analyte electrochemically.