Prospects for the development of new herbicides based on natural compounds

A. Berestetskiy
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Abstract

Growing most major crops currently involves the use of chemical herbicides to control weeds. However, their regular use can lead to such undesirable consequences as contamination of soil and groundwater, accumulation of their residues in the crop, and the emergence of resistant populations of weeds. Therefore, developing of eco-friendly herbicides with new mechanisms of action is necessary. Natural phytotoxins of plant or microbial origin can serve as prototypes for active ingredients of chemical herbicides. This review considers: 1) the main modern trends in the development of chemical herbicides; 2) practical achievements in the use of natural compounds for weed control; 3) the use of phytotoxins as the basic components of synthetic herbicides. Analysis of the existing literature allowed us to identify some important approaches for the development of nature-derived herbicides: 1) the combination of virtual screening of libraries of natural compounds with high-throughput screening of selected substances in vitro and in vivo; 2) computer modelling and optimization of molecules using physico-chemical predictors and molecular docking; 3) development of new adjuvants and formulations, in particular on nanoscale, to reduce the application rates of active substances and the risks of their accumulation in the environment. The use of these approaches is likely to lead to the discovery of new promising herbicidal molecules for use in both organic and conventional agriculture.
基于天然化合物的新型除草剂的发展前景
目前,种植大多数主要作物都需要使用化学除草剂来控制杂草。然而,它们的经常使用会导致诸如土壤和地下水污染、其残留物在作物中积累以及抗性杂草种群的出现等不良后果。因此,开发具有新的作用机制的生态友好型除草剂是必要的。植物或微生物来源的天然植物毒素可作为化学除草剂有效成分的原型。本文综述了化学除草剂的主要发展趋势;2)利用天然化合物防治杂草的实践成果;3)利用植物毒素作为合成除草剂的基本成分。通过对现有文献的分析,我们确定了开发天然除草剂的一些重要途径:1)将天然化合物文库的虚拟筛选与体外和体内选定物质的高通量筛选相结合;2)利用物理化学预测因子和分子对接技术对分子进行计算机建模和优化;3)开发新的佐剂和配方,特别是在纳米尺度上,以降低活性物质的应用率和它们在环境中积累的风险。这些方法的使用可能会导致发现新的有前途的除草剂分子,用于有机和传统农业。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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