Kun Liu , Shenqi Zhou , Siyu Li , Jun Wang , Weilu Wang , Weiyang Zhang , Hao Zhang , Junfei Gu , Jianchang Yang , Lijun Liu
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Post-anthesis dry matter accumulation (PDMA) plays an important role in yield, but the differences and mechanisms of PDMA among rice varieties with different yield levels are still unclear. Field experiments were conducted using six rice varieties with medium, high, and super high yield levels selected to not only analyze the relationship between PDMA and yield but also compare the physiological indexes among different varieties. The effects of grain fertilizer on PDMA and yield were also observed. PDMA and apparent transferred mass of non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) in stems from heading to maturity were significantly positively correlated with yield. The physiological indexes (root oxidation activity, zeatin + zeatin riboside contents in roots and leaves, and leaf photosynthetic rate) at 0–20 days after anthesis (DAA) of super high-yielding varieties were significantly higher than those of medium-yielding and high-yielding varieties. In addition, the α-amylase activity in stems at 30–50 DAA of super high-yielding varieties was significantly higher than other varieties. Compared with no grain fertilizer application rate (GFAR), the GFAR for maximum yield and yield increase of super high-yielding varieties were higher than other varieties. The above physiological indexes at 10–20 DAA were increased under GFAR at 54 kg ha−1. The α-amylase activity at 30–50 DAA was inhibited under GFAR at 81 kg ha−1 that hindered NSC translocation, resulting in decreased yield. Our results indicated that higher PDMA and NSC translocation were the crucial characteristics that benefited the yield formation of super high-yielding rice varieties.
花后干物质积累(PDMA)在水稻产量中起着重要作用,但不同产量水平水稻品种间PDMA的差异及其机制尚不清楚。选取中、高、超高产6个水稻品种进行田间试验,分析PDMA与产量的关系,比较不同品种间的生理指标。还观察了籽肥对PDMA和产量的影响。单株抽穗至成熟期PDMA和植株非结构碳水化合物表观转移质量与产量呈极显著正相关。超高产品种花后0 ~ 20 d的生理指标(根系氧化活性、根系和叶片中玉米蛋白+玉米蛋白核苷含量、叶片光合速率)均显著高于中、高产品种。此外,超高产品种在30 ~ 50 DAA时茎部α-淀粉酶活性显著高于其他品种。与无粒肥施用量相比,超高产品种的最大产量和增产GFAR均高于其他品种。在54 kg ha - 1的GFAR处理下,上述生理指标在10-20 DAA时均有所提高。81 kg ha - 1 GFAR抑制了30-50 DAA α-淀粉酶活性,阻碍了NSC的转运,导致产量下降。结果表明,较高的PDMA和NSC易位是有利于超高产水稻品种产量形成的关键特征。