Neurolupus como manifestación de primer brote psicótico: reporte de caso.

Abstract

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic mul tisystemic autoimmune disease with diverse clinical mani festations. Women are the most vulnerable population and have the greatest neurological involvement with a higher risk of seizures. Neuropsychiatric manifestations occur in early stages of the disease and diagnosis since they can occur together with systemic manifestations or not. The frequency of neuropsychiatric manifestations in systemic lupus erythe matosus has been described from 14 to 75%; being cognitive alterations one of the major symptoms to highlight. Which, in the same way can be accompanied by affective disorders such as depression and anxiety. Since psychosis, secondary to SLE, stands out for its low prevalence (10%), laboratory studies usually guide us towards a definitive diagnosis, being ribosomal P antibodies the ones that have been more spe cifically related to lupus psychosis. MRI is the test of choice and brain lesions are dominated by punctate white matter hyperintensities. In the following case report, we present a 20-year-old pa tient who had a history of diagnosed hepatic steatosis, MODY type diabetes and resection of the right ovary for mature teratoma of 9 years of evolution; but with no psychiatric his tory of importance at the time of her evaluation. However, she acutely presented a psychotic outbreak characterized by delusions of grandiosity and reference; as well as behavioral, cognitive, and affective alterations. For which she had to go to a 3rd level hospital during the period of health contin gency in 2020. After a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection three months before her neuropsychiatric pathology, neurological symptoms secondary to COVID-19 infection were suspected, as well as isolated psychiatric pathology. Therefore, a study approach of the first psychotic outbreak was performed, diagnosing systemic lupus erythematosus with neuropsy chiatric manifestations. Treatment was based on a bolus of methylprednisolone and antipsychotics; later modified by therapy with oral corticosteroids and depot antipsychotic. Conclusion: Systemic lupus erythematosus with neuropsy chiatric manifestations is an infrequent presentation of the disease, because of the wide variation in its appearance, pa tients with psychiatric symptoms in a general hospital setting should be considered for extensive approaches. In the same way, having this knowledge of this case may broaden our knowledge about the complications of this rheumatologic pathology. And one of its most serious complications such as lupus psychosis to be able to make a better approach to the first psychotic outbreak in general hospitals, where the assessment of a specialist can be more complicated. Keywords: Psychotic break; hallucinations; anti-NMDA antibod ies; neurolupus (NPLSE); COVID-19; case report