Amapola, lindísima amapola: de los opiáceos y los opioides, utilidad y riesgos.

Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Pub Date : 2023-05-10 DOI:10.22201/fm.24484865e.2023.66.3.02

Andrea Herrera Solís, Aline Ostos Valverde, Alejandra E. Ruiz Contreras, Mónica Méndez Díaz, Jacqueline Cortés Morelos, Silvia del Carmen Chavira Estefan, Oscar E. Prospéro García

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Abstract

Opium and its derivatives, and recently the opioids have ac companied the humankind since the ancient civilizations to the present day. Its analgesic, hypnotic and pleasant effects did not go unnoticed by ancient people, which considered most of these effects of medical utility and noticed that they had remarkable mood benefits. Currently, there are no other kind of drugs that can palliate intense pain as efficiently as these powerful analgesics. However, the medical and rec reational use of opiates and opioids may carry health risks such as tolerance, hyperalgesia, and addiction. Nowadays, in addition to being indisputably the most powerful medical treatment to alleviate the suffering caused by pain, it has also become a public health problem due to the high number of people with opioid use disorder that have facilitated deaths caused by opioids overdose. In this review we will discuss the medical benefits of opiates and opioids, as much as the unwanted effects they produce. Keywords: Opioids; opiates; medical utility; health risks; addiction; abuse.

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罂粟，美丽的罂粟:阿片类药物和阿片类药物的用途和风险。

从古文明至今，鸦片及其衍生物和阿片类药物一直伴随着人类。它的镇痛、催眠和愉悦作用并没有被古人忽视，古人认为这些作用大多是医疗效用，并注意到它们对情绪有显著的好处。目前，还没有其他药物能像这些强效镇痛药那样有效地缓解剧烈疼痛。然而，阿片类药物和阿片类药物的医疗和娱乐使用可能带来健康风险，如耐受性、痛觉过敏和成瘾。如今，它除了无可争议地是减轻疼痛造成的痛苦的最有力的医疗手段之外，还成为一个公共卫生问题，因为有大量阿片类药物使用障碍的人助长了阿片类药物过量造成的死亡。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论阿片类药物和阿片类药物的医学益处，以及它们产生的不良影响。关键词:阿片类药物;鸦片;医疗效用;健康风险;上瘾;滥用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Revista de la Facultad de Medicina

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