S6.1d First case report of pediatric blood stream infection by Candida magnoliae in a known case of B cell ALL post -induction chemotherapy in Central India

Abstract

Abstract S6.1 Antifungal Prophylaxis in Children with Cancer and HSCT, September 22, 2022, 4:45 PM - 6:15 PM Objectives Documentation and dissemination of findings of a rare fungal isolate in an immunosuppressed child. Methods A case study with rare fungal isolate in correlation to age, clinical condition, sample, and comorbidity was done. A 6-year-old male child was admitted for routine management of B cell acute lymphoid leukemia. The patient completed induction chemotherapy in July 2021. The patient was planned for consolidation in the last week of July and to rule out any infection blood and urine samples were sent. Paired blood samples were received in pediatric automated BacT/Alert blood culture bottles. After 8 days both the blood culture bottles flashed positive. On gram stain, budding yeast cells oval to globose were seen. No pseudohyphae were seen. Nigrosin staining result was negative. It was processed further on HiCrome™ agar showing cream-colored colonies at 370 C, cornmeal agar with 1% tween 80 for Dalmau technique showed only oval to globose yeast cells with blastoconidia, enlarged cells appearing as chlamydoconidia without pseudohyphae or true hyphae were seen. Glucose and sucrose were fermented and trehalose was weakly fermented. Urease was negative. Isolate was identified as Candida glabrata/Candida auris. Antifungal susceptibility showed elevated MIC for fluconazole but susceptible to amphotericin B, voriconazole, and caspofungin. As part of routine collaboration with reference center PGIMER, bloodstream Candida isolates were sent for confirmation, and quality control. Results The isolate phenotypically suspected as C. glabrata causing fungemia was confirmed by the reference center as C. magnoliae. Currently, patient is on routine follow-up and doing well. On reviewing of available literature on C. magnoliae; bloodstream infections in two low birth weight neonates from Brazil, one immunocompetent child with tenosynovitis from the USA, and a terminal oncology patient from Italy were noted. In a Chinese study of 2007, phylogenetic analysis showed a close relationship of C. magnoliae to Candida krusei. Conclusion Immunosuppression with longstanding or repeated hospital admissions is a risk for nosocomial fungal infections, especially, bloodstream infections. Already confusing phenotypic identification among C. glabrata, C. auris, C. haemoulonii, and now the current isolate C. magnoliae further complicates and challenges diagnostic workflow impacting timely management of cases. Further studies and more documentation of such findings in literature are necessary for newer insights.