Choque obstructivo asociado a síndrome de leucostasis en leucemia linfoblástica aguda: reporte de caso

Abstract

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is a common malignant disorder in the paediatric population that occurs in just 20% of leukaemia cases in the adult population. The development of hyperleukocytosis is linked to greater mortality in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Although the organs it most commonly affects are the brain and lungs, this case presented obstructive shock as an aggravating circumstance of the condition. The patient in this case is a 32-year-old woman suffering from asthenia and adynamia, which had been ongoing for 2 weeks on admission to hospital, and which was latterly accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The patient had no other underlying chronic degenerative disorders. On her admission to the emergency department, the patient had 652,000 leukocytes, with a monocyte differential of 480,000 and 88% immature cells. She had clinical symptoms of multiple organ failure. This case is submitted based on its detrimental outcome with the development of multiple organ dysfunction, with the aggravating circumstance of heart failure resulting from obstructive shock owing to hyperleukocytosis.