THE INFLUENCE OF COMPLETE MINERAL FERTILIZER BEFORE SOWING ON PHYTOSANITARY CONDITION OF WINTER RYE CROPS IN THE NORTH-WEST OF RUSSIA

Abstract

The studies revealed significant changes in the phytosanitary condition of winter rye crops due to the use of mineral fertilizers in the North-West of the Russian Federation. The negative effect appeared as increase of the initial spreading of weeds (2.3 times in number and 2.9–3.2 times in projective coverage), increased destruction of winter rye with the liststyletype diseases, such as scald and stem rust in 1.2–1.4 times, and seed infections ( Fusarium spp. – 1.8–2.4 times, Epicocum purpurascens and Cladosporium herbarum – 2.0–2.1 times). Positive changes in the phytosanitary conditions of winter rye crops affected by the fertilizers were associated with a decrease in plant death from snow mold in 1.3–1.4 times, a decrease of the cereal aphid population in 1.5–1.8 times and reduced grain damage with an ordinary grain scoop in 1.6–2.0 times. Therefore, the increased usage of the mineral nutrition leads mainly to the deterioration of the phytosanitary conditions of plants and seeds of winter rye, emphasizing the importance of protective treatments with herbicides and fungicides of this culture in the North-Western region of the Russian Federation.