La taqiyya et le jeûne du Ramadan : quelques réflexions ismaéliennes sur le sens ésotérique de la charia

IF 0.4 4区 哲学 Q1 HISTORY
D. D. Smet
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

This article explores the concepts of taqiyya and kitmān as they were developed by Ismā‛īli authors of the 10th and 11th centuries. In the present « cycle of occultation » « true knowledge » is veiled under the wordings of revealed texts and laws. Only the imāms and their disciples have access to this knowledge, but they are supposed to keep it secret. This obligation of secrecy is part of the oath of allegiance that every Ismā‛īli has to take prior to his initiation. But even the imāms were forced to act with care and in secret. At certain moments, they had to go into occultation ( satr, istitār ), hiding their true identity and their abode. The practice of taqiyya and kitmān is presented as the hidden sense of the Qur’ānic prescriptions about fasting during Ramadan. Breaking the fast illegally means transgressing the rules of taqiyya , whereas ‘Id al-fiṭr symbolizes the final abolition of taqiyya . Fatimid authors interpret the rise of ‘Abd Allāh al-Mahdī and the foundation of the Fatimid state in Ifrīqiya as a sign announcing Id al-fiṭr ,which will occur with the advent of the Qā’im on the day of the Great Resurrection. By opening a new « cycle of manifestation » he will abrogate all exoteric religions and laws. Knowledge will be directly accessible, without zāhir nor bāṭin . Hence, there will be no longer a need to observe taqiyya or kitmān . As Ismā‛īlism is a messianic movement with strong political aims, it makes no sense to distinguish prudential and esoteric aspects of secrecy in its theory of taqiyya .
taqiyya和斋月斋戒:对伊斯兰教法深奥意义的一些思考
这篇文章探讨了taqiyya和kitmān的概念,因为它们是由10世纪和11世纪的Ismā ' 利作者发展起来的。在目前的“掩星循环”中,“真正的知识”被隐藏在揭示的文本和法律的措辞之下。只有imāms和他们的门徒才能接触到这些知识,但他们应该保守秘密。这种保密的义务是每一个Ismā ' 利在他入会之前必须宣誓效忠的一部分。但即使是imāms也不得不小心翼翼地秘密行动。在某些时刻,他们不得不进入掩星(satr, istitār),隐藏他们的真实身份和住所。taqiyya和kitmān的实践是古兰经ānic关于斋月期间禁食的处方的隐藏意义。非法打破斋戒意味着违反了塔齐亚的规则,而“Id al-fiṭr”则象征着塔齐亚的最终废除。法蒂玛王朝的作者们将' Abd Allāh al- mahd '的崛起和法蒂玛王朝在伊夫鲁齐亚的建立解释为宣布伊德al-fiṭr的标志,这将在大复活的那一天随着伊德的到来而发生。通过开启一个新的“显化周期”,他将废除所有对外开放的宗教和法律。知识可以直接获取,不需要zāhir和bāṭin。因此,将不再需要遵守taqiyya或kitmān。由于伊斯兰主义是一种具有强烈政治目标的弥赛亚运动,因此在其taqiyya理论中区分谨慎和深奥的秘密方面是没有意义的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
AL-QANTARA
AL-QANTARA Multiple-
CiteScore
0.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
16
审稿时长
48 weeks
期刊介绍: Al-Qanṭara inició su publicación en 1980, como continuación de Al-Andalus (1933-1978). Al-Qanṭara está dedicada a la civilización del Islam clásico (hasta el siglo XVII incluido) con especial atención al Occidente islámico. Se publica en forma de dos fascículos anuales de unas 250 páginas cada uno. Una sección monográfica aparece en el segundo fascículo de cada año. La revista sólo solicita contribuciones para las secciones monográficas.
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