Can child benefit reductions increase maternal employment? Evidence from Japan

IF 2.6 3区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS
Shinsuke Asakawa , Masaru Sasaki
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study estimates the policy impacts of the resumption of income thresholds for receiving child benefits (CB), in April 2012, on maternal labor market participation, childcare services use, and child health outcomes in Japan. Using data from the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st Century and employing a regression discontinuity design, we found that the reduction of CB payments in higher-earning households, where the annual income of the household head exceeded their threshold, promoted intensive and extensive margins of maternal labor supply, especially for part-time workers and the self-employed. Furthermore, mothers returned to the workplace using non-accredited childcare and increasing the total childcare costs but having no impact on children's health outcomes. Heterogeneous effects were also observed in prefectures with low availability of accredited childcare; mothers incurring CB reduction used non-accredited childcare to start full-time employment. These findings imply that CB reduction had the advantage of encouraging maternal employment and, especially in prefectures with few childcare facilities, increasing the number of accredited childcare centers and that reducing the price of non-accredited childcare services can make it easier for mothers to return to the workforce after giving birth.

减少儿童福利能增加产妇就业吗?来自日本的证据
本研究估计了2012年4月恢复领取儿童福利金的收入门槛对日本产妇劳动力市场参与、儿童保育服务使用和儿童健康结果的政策影响。利用《21世纪新生儿纵向调查》的数据,采用回归不连续设计,我们发现,在户主年收入超过其门槛的高收入家庭,减少家庭再生产支付,促进了孕产妇劳动力供给的集约化和外延化,尤其是对于兼职工人和个体经营者。此外,母亲返回工作场所使用未经认证的托儿服务,增加了托儿总费用,但对儿童的健康结果没有影响。在认证托儿服务可得性较低的县也观察到异质性效应;接受减薪的母亲使用未经认证的托儿服务开始全职工作。这些研究结果表明,减少儿童保育费用具有鼓励产妇就业的优势,特别是在托儿设施较少的县,增加了经认证的托儿中心的数量,降低了未经认证的托儿服务的价格,可以使母亲在分娩后更容易重返劳动力市场。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
6.90%
发文量
36
期刊介绍: The Journal of the Japanese and International Economies publishes original reports of research devoted to academic analyses of the Japanese economy and its interdependence on other national economies. The Journal also features articles that present related theoretical, empirical, and comparative analyses with their policy implications. Book reviews are also published.
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