Veronica Notarbartolo, M. Giuffré, C. Montante, G. Corsello, M. Carta
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引用次数: 17
Abstract
Human milk contains a number of nutritional and bioactive molecules including microorganisms that constitute the so-called “Human Milk Microbiota (HMM)”. Recent studies have shown that not only bacterial but also viral, fungal, and archaeal components are present in the HMM. Previous research has established, a “core” microbiome, consisting of Firmicutes (i.e., Streptococcus, Staphylococcus), Proteobacteria (i.e., Serratia, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Sphingomonas, Bradyrhizobium), and Actinobacteria (i.e., Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium). This review aims to summarize the main characteristics of HMM and the role it plays in shaping a child’s health. We reviewed the most recent literature on the topic (2019-2021), using the PubMed database. The main sources of HMM origin were identified as the retrograde flow and the entero-mammary pathway. Several factors can influence its composition, such as maternal body mass index and diet, use of antibiotics, time and type of delivery, and mode of breastfeeding. The COVID-19 pandemic, by altering the mother-infant dyad and modifying many of our previous habits, has emerged as a new risk factor for the modification of HMM. HMM is an important contributor to gastrointestinal colonization in children and therefore, it is fundamental to avoid any form of perturbation in the HMM that can alter the microbial equilibrium, especially in the first 100 days of life. Microbial dysbiosis can be a trigger point for the development of necrotizing enterocolitis, especially in preterm infants, and for onset of chronic diseases, such as asthma and obesity, later in life.
期刊介绍:
Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr), an official journal of The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, is issued bimonthly and published in English. The aim of Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr is to advance scientific knowledge and promote child healthcare by publishing high-quality empirical and theoretical studies and providing a recently updated knowledge to those practitioners and scholars in the field of pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr publishes review articles, original articles, and case reports. All of the submitted papers are peer-reviewed. The journal covers basic and clinical researches on molecular and cellular biology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of all aspects of pediatric gastrointestinal diseases and nutritional health problems.