[Prevalence of contact sensitization in the general population and in patch tested patients].

Abstract

Background: Contact sensitization is a common condition. The spectrum of the most important allergens may change over the course of time owing to changes in exposure. Using the so-called baseline series, a collection of the most important and frequent allergens, both population-related and clinical epidemiological studies have been performed.

Objectives: Basic epidemiological concepts and special aspects regarding the epidemiology of contact allergies are presented.

Materials and methods: A concise adaptation of textbook knowledge and a selective literature search were performed.

Results: On the population level, about 25% of people are sensitized to at least one substance included in the baseline series, by far most often to nickel. In view of a prevalence of around 4%, fragrances are important contact allergens, too, along with preservatives. Among patients patch tested for suspected allergic contact dermatitis, the ranking of the most important allergen groups is similar, but the prevalences are (much) higher.

Conclusions: Short-term changes in exposure and subsequently in the spectrum of major contact allergens can best be illustrated by clinical surveillance based on routinely collected data and, if needed, preventive measures can be initiated. In addition to time trend analyses, subgroup analyses may offer important clues regarding the identification of sensitizing and eliciting exposures, respectively.