S. Dash, Sabita Pattanayak, Barsarani Jena, M. K. Panda, Y. Singh
{"title":"Xanthine Oxidase Perspective in Human Health","authors":"S. Dash, Sabita Pattanayak, Barsarani Jena, M. K. Panda, Y. Singh","doi":"10.2174/2211550109999201113101040","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"\n\nXanthine oxidase (XO) is an essential enzyme in catalyzing the hydroxylation of hypoxanthine\nto xanthine and uric acid in the kidney. Excessive formation of uric acid can lead to hyperuricemia\n(HUA), a condition caused by excess uric acid contamination in the blood. HUA is responsible\nfor various diseases in the body, such as gout, cardiovascular, and renal failure. It is also\nassociated with numerous inflammatory diseases and their metabolic pathways, including tumors,\nchronic hypoxia, renal injury, and hypertension. XO is a superoxide producing enzyme usually\nconfined to lungs, liver, and blood serum. Blood assay and diagnostics for XO help in a better understanding\nof its associated diseases in the human body. The mechanism of how XO is released in\nthe bloodstream is a matter of debate in medical science. In the current review article, we comprehensively\ndiscussed the role of XO in human health, inhibitors, and their regulation, isolation, and\nextractions of inhibitors from plants, types, and their activities towards the human health perspective\nare described.\n","PeriodicalId":10850,"journal":{"name":"Current Biotechnology","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Biotechnology","FirstCategoryId":"1087","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211550109999201113101040","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an essential enzyme in catalyzing the hydroxylation of hypoxanthine
to xanthine and uric acid in the kidney. Excessive formation of uric acid can lead to hyperuricemia
(HUA), a condition caused by excess uric acid contamination in the blood. HUA is responsible
for various diseases in the body, such as gout, cardiovascular, and renal failure. It is also
associated with numerous inflammatory diseases and their metabolic pathways, including tumors,
chronic hypoxia, renal injury, and hypertension. XO is a superoxide producing enzyme usually
confined to lungs, liver, and blood serum. Blood assay and diagnostics for XO help in a better understanding
of its associated diseases in the human body. The mechanism of how XO is released in
the bloodstream is a matter of debate in medical science. In the current review article, we comprehensively
discussed the role of XO in human health, inhibitors, and their regulation, isolation, and
extractions of inhibitors from plants, types, and their activities towards the human health perspective
are described.
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