Reflection in Speech of the Individual-Typological Features of Language Personality

Abstract

Introduction. The article is devoted to the actual psycholinguistic problem of reflecting in the various parameters of speech the features of a linguistic personality. Since speech is a unity of social, i.e. language as a sign system, and a unique individual – a subjective form of reflection of the objective reality and the way of formation and formulation of thought (Winter), which is determined by the motivational, dynamic, emotional, regulatory, cognitive characteristics of a linguistic personality, according to the author, a holistic study of all its stable communicative-speech and psychological properties, include their individual typological manifestations. The article presents the results of empirical studies of manifestations in speech of the individual typological features of various aspects of a linguistic personality, performed by N.A. Fomina and under her leadership, which allows to give a full and deep description of the personality. Methods and Techniques. The author’s method of multilevel, multicomponent analysis of the utterance as a product of individual speech activity involves considering not only the linguistic, speech, content-semantic characteristics of the text, but also the representation of the most important psychological (motivational-targeted, emotional, regulatory-volitional, cognitive, dynamic) characteristics of the subjects of speaking. Results. This article reveals the features of the reflection in speech of typological manifestations of the activity, interhemispheric asymmetry, the originality of intelligence, semantic sphere, value orientations, various types of self-regulation, the organization of initiative, sociability and perseverance, expressing the integral essence of the personality. Conclusions. The specific manifestations of the individual typological features of  linguistic personality described in the article, primarily due to the specifics of the activity, orientation and self-regulation, open up great opportunities for speech diagnosis.