Regulation of cell adhesion: a collaborative effort of integrins, their ligands, cytoplasmic actors, and phosphorylation

IF 7.2 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOPHYSICS
C. Gahmberg, M. Grönholm, Sudarrshan Madhavan, Farhana Jahan, Esa T Mikkola, Larisa Viazmina, E. Koivunen
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引用次数: 18

Abstract

Abstract Integrins are large heterodimeric type 1 membrane proteins expressed in all nucleated mammalian cells. Eighteen α-chains and eight β-chains can combine to form 24 different integrins. They are cell adhesion proteins, which bind to a large variety of cellular and extracellular ligands. Integrins are required for cell migration, hemostasis, translocation of cells out from the blood stream and further movement into tissues, but also for the immune response and tissue morphogenesis. Importantly, integrins are not usually active as such, but need activation to become adhesive. Integrins are activated by outside-in activation through integrin ligand binding, or by inside-out activation through intracellular signaling. An important question is how integrin activity is regulated, and this topic has recently drawn much attention. Changes in integrin affinity for ligand binding are due to allosteric structural alterations, but equally important are avidity changes due to integrin clustering in the plane of the plasma membrane. Recent studies have partially solved how integrin cell surface structures change during activation. The integrin cytoplasmic domains are relatively short, but by interacting with a variety of cytoplasmic proteins in a regulated manner, the integrins acquire a number of properties important not only for cell adhesion and movement, but also for cellular signaling. Recent work has shown that specific integrin phosphorylations play pivotal roles in the regulation of integrin activity. Our purpose in this review is to integrate the present knowledge to enable an understanding of how cell adhesion is dynamically regulated.
细胞粘附的调控:整合素、其配体、细胞质行为体和磷酸化的协同作用
整合素是在所有有核哺乳动物细胞中表达的大型异二聚体1型膜蛋白。18条α-链和8条β-链可以结合形成24种不同的整合素。它们是细胞粘附蛋白,与多种细胞和细胞外配体结合。整合素是细胞迁移、止血、细胞从血流中移位和进一步移动到组织中所必需的,也是免疫反应和组织形态发生所必需的。重要的是,整合素通常不具有活性,但需要激活才能具有粘附性。整合素通过整合素配体结合由外而内激活,或通过细胞内信号传导由内而外激活。一个重要的问题是如何调节整合素的活性,这一话题最近引起了人们的广泛关注。整合素对配体结合的亲和力变化是由于变构结构的改变,但同样重要的是由于整合素在质膜平面上聚集而引起的亲和力变化。最近的研究已经部分解决了整合素细胞在激活过程中表面结构的变化。整合素细胞质结构域相对较短,但通过与多种细胞质蛋白以受调节的方式相互作用,整合素获得了许多重要的特性,不仅对细胞粘附和运动重要,而且对细胞信号传导也很重要。最近的研究表明,特定的整合素磷酸化在整合素活性的调节中起着关键作用。我们在这篇综述中的目的是整合现有的知识,使人们能够理解细胞粘附是如何动态调节的。
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来源期刊
Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics
Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 生物-生物物理
CiteScore
12.90
自引率
1.60%
发文量
16
期刊介绍: Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics covers the field of experimental and computational biophysics. Experimental biophysics span across different physics-based measurements such as optical microscopy, super-resolution imaging, electron microscopy, X-ray and neutron diffraction, spectroscopy, calorimetry, thermodynamics and their integrated uses. Computational biophysics includes theory, simulations, bioinformatics and system analysis. These biophysical methodologies are used to discover the structure, function and physiology of biological systems in varying complexities from cells, organelles, membranes, protein-nucleic acid complexes, molecular machines to molecules. The majority of reviews published are invited from authors who have made significant contributions to the field, who give critical, readable and sometimes controversial accounts of recent progress and problems in their specialty. The journal has long-standing, worldwide reputation, demonstrated by its high ranking in the ISI Science Citation Index, as a forum for general and specialized communication between biophysicists working in different areas. Thematic issues are occasionally published.
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