EFFICIENCY OF ZEOLITE-BASED FERTILIZERS IN SOYBEAN CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE VOLGA REGION

Abstract

The article presents results of the studies on effectiveness of zeolite application, both in pure form and enriched with amino acids and carbamide, in soybean cultivation technology of USKHI-6 variety on leached lack soil in the conditions of the Middle Volga region. Calculations of correlation coefficient of dependence of the leaf surface area and the accumulation of nodules on soybean roots showed that the closest relation between the traits is observed in the budding - flowering phase. It was noted that in the phases of germination and trifoliate leaves, the area of the leaf surface practically did not differ among the variants of the experiment. As far as subsequent phases of development (budding, flowering, seed filling) is concerned, the leaf area increased in the variants with zeolite application both in pure form and enriched with amino acids and carbamide compared with the control. For example, the leaf surface area increased by 10.1-11.5 thousand m2/ha in the variants with introduction of zeolite enriched with carbamide at a dose of 250 and 500 kg/ha, and by 16.3-17.2 thousand m2/ha in case of NPK application compared with the control. It influenced the crop yields. The application of pure zeolite contributed to an increase of soybean grain yield by 0.21-0.29 t/ha, whereas introduction of zeolite enriched with amino acids and carbamide as a fertilizer increased yield by 0.42-0.60 t/ha with improved product quality. The introduction of zeolite and fertilizers based on it into the soil led to a significant improvement of product quality: the amount of protein and fat increased in the grain. At the same time, these fertilizers had a greater impact on the protein content. Soybean cultivation using zeolite and fertilizers based on it is economically feasible: the highest conditional net income was observed in the variant with introduction of azophoska and zeolite enriched with carbamide at a dose of 250 kg/ha, which amounted to 66195 rubles/ha at a cost of 11200 t/rubles.