Formulation and Antibacterial Activity of Transparent Solid Soap Combination of Secang Ethanolic Extract and Clove Bud Oil Against Skin Disease Bacteria

Abstract

Secang wood ethanolic extract and clove bud oil have antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acnes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The formulation of both in transparent bath soap is additional protection for the body. This study formulated soaps and determined their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acnes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Soap was made using the hot process and the antibacterial activity was tested using the agar diffusion. The soap formulas F0 (as the base), F1 (3% clove bud oil), and F2 (a combination of 3% clove bud oil and 0.5% sappan wood ethanolic extract) have good appearance and quality including pH, foam stability, free alkali, unsaponifiable fat, and mineral oil content. The water content in the soap is >15%. The inhibitory diameter values of the soap (F0, F1, and F2) against S. aureus, P. acnes, and P. aeruginosa were in the moderate to strong category. Based on the contact time test of 90 seconds, F0 cannot kill bacteria; F1 can kill Staphylococcus aureus Propionibacterium acnes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; F2 killed Staphylococcus aureus in 90 seconds and Propionibacterium acnes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 60 seconds. Keywords: soap, clove bud oil, secang, antibacterial