Clinico-Epidemiological Features of Melasma : A Retrospective Study from Dermatology-Venereology Department of Education Center Hospital in West Sumatera, Indonesia

Abstract

Background: Melasma is an acquired, irregularly patterned, light to dark-brown hypermelanosis, with symmetric distribution mostly over the face. Currently there is no published data about incidence of melasma in Indonesia. Methods: Retrospective study was conducted in patients with melasma from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018 in Dr. M. Djamil hospital padang, Indonesia. Results: Melasma was more prevalent in females (96.6%) and in Fitzpatrick skin phototypes IV (60 %) and III (40 %). Among 60 patients, centrofacialmelasma was most common (48.3 %), Family history (58.1%) and sun exposure exceeding 1 hour (61.3%) were among the factors contributing to melasma development. The incidences of melasma in 2016-2018 varied every year, the most affected was in female 44-64 years old, the most clinical type is Centrofacial, and epidermal type from Wood’s lamp examination. Conclusions: This population was characterized by: a high incidence in females, Fitzpatrick skin phototypes IV, diseasepresipitation by family history and sun exposure.