"The Impact of Sequencing Genomes on the Understanding of the Origin of Life on Earth"

A. H. Khan
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

This abstract describes the scientific basis of the origin of life on Earth. Life has never been on Earth like as it is today. It has evolved over millions of years from a single cell microbe to a trillion-cell human being. The history of the evolution of life on Earth is trapped as fossils in the geological formation of rocks trapped in the Earth. The lowest level of the three and a half billion-year-old rocks contains the fossil of the simplest life forms. As we moved up to study geological formation of the younger and younger layers of rocks, we observe accumulation of mutations over millions of years, resulting in the increase complexity of fossil records. We have recently learned a technique to extract DNA from the fossils. Using modern technique developed during genome sequencing, our analysis of the DNA from the fossil revealed the structures of ancient life forms. The sequencing of human genome has provided us with a genetic toolkit which contains molecular scissors (enzymes such as restriction enzyme, like EcoR1, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase etc.), to cut, paste, copy, and sequence a gene. This abstract also describes how we can move a gene from one species to another to benefit the bourgeoning population of the world by providing new food, new fuel, and new medicine to treat every disease known to mankind.
“基因组测序对了解地球生命起源的影响”
这篇摘要描述了地球上生命起源的科学依据。地球上的生命从来没有像今天这样。它经历了数百万年的进化,从一个单细胞微生物到一个拥有数万亿个细胞的人类。地球上生命的进化史以化石的形式被困在岩石的地质构造中,被困在地球上。35亿年前的岩石的最底层包含着最简单的生命形式的化石。当我们进一步研究越来越年轻的岩层的地质形成时,我们观察到数百万年来突变的积累,导致化石记录的复杂性增加。我们最近学会了一种从化石中提取DNA的技术。利用基因组测序过程中开发的现代技术,我们对化石DNA的分析揭示了古代生命形式的结构。人类基因组测序为我们提供了一个包含分子剪刀(酶如限制性内切酶,如EcoR1、DNA聚合酶、DNA连接酶等)的基因工具箱,可以剪切、粘贴、复制和测序一个基因。这篇摘要还描述了我们如何将一个基因从一个物种转移到另一个物种,通过提供新的食物、新的燃料和新的药物来治疗人类已知的每一种疾病,从而使世界上不断增长的人口受益。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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