That brachycephalic look: Infant-like facial appearance in short-muzzled dog breeds.

IF 4.7 2区 工程技术 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS
Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-26 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI:10.1017/awf.2022.6
Elizabeth S Paul, Rowena Ma Packer, Paul D McGreevy, Emily Coombe, Elsa Mendl, Vikki Neville
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Abstract

Brachycephalic dog breeds are highly popular, yet their conformation-related disorders represent a major welfare concern. It has been suggested that the current popularity of such breeds can be explained by their cute, infant-like facial appearances. The concept of 'kindchenschema' refers to the observation that certain physical features of infant humans and other animals can automatically stimulate positive and nurturant feelings in adult observers. But the proposal that brachycephalic dogs possess heightened 'kindchenschema' facial features, even into adulthood, has never been formally investigated. Here, we hypothesised that relative muzzle shortening across a range of breeds would be associated with known 'kindchenschema' facial features, including a relatively larger forehead, larger eyes and smaller nose. Relative fronto-facial feature sizes in exemplar photographs of adult dogs from 42 popular breeds were measured and associated with existing data on the relative muzzle length and height-at-withers of the same breeds. Our results show that, in adulthood, shorter-muzzled breeds have relatively larger (taller) foreheads and relatively larger eyes (i.e. area of exposed eyeball relative to overall face area) than longer-muzzled breeds, and that this effect is independent of breed size. In sum, brachycephalic dog breeds do show exaggeration of some, but not all, known fronto-facial 'kindchenschema' features, and this may well contribute to their apparently cute appearance and to their current popularity as companion animals. We conclude that the challenge of addressing conformation-related disorders in companion dogs needs to take account of the cute, 'kindchenschema' looks that many owners are likely to be attracted to.

短头犬短嘴犬种婴儿般的面部外观。
颅脑发育不良的犬种非常受欢迎,但与它们的体型有关的疾病却成为一个重大的福利问题。有人认为,这类犬种之所以受到欢迎,是因为它们的面部外形像婴儿一样可爱。所谓 "亲切感"(kindchenschema)的概念,是指观察到婴儿时期的人类和其他动物的某些外貌特征会自动激发成年观察者的积极和养育情感。但是,关于肱骨犬即使在成年后也会拥有更强的 "亲切感 "面部特征的说法,却从未得到过正式研究。在这里,我们假设一系列犬种的口鼻相对缩短会与已知的 "亲切感 "面部特征有关,包括相对较大的前额、较大的眼睛和较小的鼻子。我们测量了 42 个常用犬种的成年犬示范照片中的相对正面面部特征尺寸,并将其与相同犬种的相对口吻长度和身高相关联。我们的结果表明,在成年期,较短口罩的犬种与较长口罩的犬种相比,前额相对较大(较高),眼睛相对较大(即眼球外露面积相对于整个面部面积),而且这种影响与犬种的大小无关。总之,肱骨头型犬种确实夸大了某些(但不是全部)已知的正面面部 "kindchenschema "特征,这很可能是它们看起来可爱的原因,也是它们目前作为伴侣动物受欢迎的原因。我们的结论是,在解决伴侣犬体型相关疾病的挑战时,需要考虑到可爱的 "kindchenschema "外观可能会吸引许多主人。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering
Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 工程技术-工程:土木
CiteScore
11.90
自引率
7.20%
发文量
58
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering serves as a resource to researchers, practitioners, and students on advances and innovative ideas in computing as applicable to the engineering profession. Many such ideas emerge from recent developments in computer science, information science, computer engineering, knowledge engineering, and other technical fields. Some examples are innovations in artificial intelligence, parallel processing, distributed computing, graphics and imaging, and information technology. The journal publishes research, implementation, and applications in cross-disciplinary areas including software, such as new programming languages, database-management systems, computer-aided design systems, and expert systems; hardware for robotics, bar coding, remote sensing, data mining, and knowledge acquisition; and strategic issues such as the management of computing resources, implementation strategies, and organizational impacts.
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