ECOLOGICAL TESTING OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

One of the most vital selection issues is creation of wheat varieties adaptive to certain soil and climatic conditions. Ecological testing plays an important role in evaluation of new source material and development of varieties. The aim of our research is to study samples of spring soft wheat of various ecological and geographical origin by a complex of economically valuable traits in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The object of the study was 52 varieties of spring wheat of various ecological and geographical origin from 20 institutions of Russia and Kazakhstan. Sowing was carried out on fallow at appropriate time for the zone in two repetitions. The plot area was 5 m2, seeding amount was 3.5 million of viable seeds per hectare. Agrotechnics of the experimental plot was carried out in accordance with recommendations for spring wheat cultivation in Akmola region. Along with making record of the yield data, the duration of the growing season was also determined, the grain was assessed by the content of protein, gluten and FDM. Phenological observations, records and evaluation of samples were carried out in accordance with recommendations of KASIB system, which are based on All-Russian Institute of Agriculture method. According to the research results of 52 varieties and lines of different ecological and geographical origin in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan, it was established that these samples differed in types of ripeness, yield and formation of quality parametres. On average for 2019-2021, Line 67/98-13 (Scientific and production center of grain farming named after A.I. Baraev) matured the earliest - 85 days. The maximum yield was formed by Pamyati Azieva variety (International standard) - 24.2 dt/ha, high protein content - 19.39% was noted in the line Erythrospermum 79/07 (Karabalykskaya Agricultural Test Station). Line 67/98-13 (Scientific and production center of grain farming named after A.I. Baraev) has a high content and quality of gluten - 37.5%, 75 units of FDM. It is recommended to use the samples distinguished for this or that trait in this zone for creation of new source materials.