Latent infection and reactivation of human cytomegalovirus

K Numazaki, H Asanuma, S Chiba
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引用次数: 8

Abstract

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common cause of congenital and perinatal infections throughout the world. Primary infection with HCMV usually follows a benign course, but the virus remains latent or persistent in the host cell thereafter. Under immunosuppressive conditions, latent or persistent infection can be reactivated to produce a wide variety of clinical manifestations. Understanding the epidemiology of HCMV infection is a key element in development of strategies for prevention of infection. Definition of sites and mechanisms involved in the maintenance of latent or persistent HCMV infection and reactivation is also essential for a thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of HCMV infection. This mini review focuses on recent advances in the study of persistent infection and reactivation of HCMV. Although the actual sites of latency or persistence of HCMV infections are still controversial, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and endothelial cells appear to be the principal site of infection. Persistent infections caused by HCMV could be augmented by a decrease in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression as well as by virus-mediated immune dysfunction. It is also likely that specific cellular interactions as well as production of several cytokines are necessary for the reactivation of HCMV.

人巨细胞病毒的潜伏感染与再激活
人类巨细胞病毒(HCMV)是全世界先天性和围产期感染的最常见原因。HCMV的原发性感染通常是良性的,但此后病毒在宿主细胞中潜伏或持续存在。在免疫抑制条件下,潜伏或持续感染可被重新激活,产生各种各样的临床表现。了解HCMV感染的流行病学是制定预防感染策略的关键因素。明确HCMV潜伏或持续感染和再激活维持的部位和机制对于彻底了解HCMV感染的发病机制也至关重要。这篇小综述的重点是HCMV持续感染和再激活研究的最新进展。尽管HCMV感染的实际潜伏或持续部位仍有争议,外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)和内皮细胞似乎是主要的感染部位。HCMV引起的持续感染可通过主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)表达的减少以及病毒介导的免疫功能障碍而增强。也可能是特定的细胞相互作用以及几种细胞因子的产生对于HCMV的再激活是必要的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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