Oral health status & treatment needs of patient attending anti retro-viral therapy among HIV patient in Government Medical College, Bhopal - A cross-sectional study

Abstract

India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world. The HIV/AIDS epidemic constitutes one of the most formidable challenges to development and social progress. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the most common treatment provided to HIV/AIDS patients. Oral lesions strongly associated to HIV/AIDS. Moreover, no evidential record of any study on AIDS patients attending retro viral therapy at Bhopal is present. So, a pioneer attempt has been made to assess the oral health status & treatment needs of patients attending anti-retro viral therapy in ART cell, G.M.C Bhopal. Material & methods: A Descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed. Total 320 patients were examined. All patient who reported in unit, since last 3 year were included in the study. data was collected and recorded using printed proforma. Consisted of WHO Oral Health Assessment form 1997. The collected data were coded, and statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS Version 22) chi-square, T test, unpaired T test, ANOVA is used. The statistical significance was fixed at 0.05. Results: A total of 320 study subjects were examined, 202(63.1%) were male and 118(36.8%) were females. 124(38.75%) had ulceration erosion on vermillion border. Total 145(45.3%) AIDS Patients had TMJ symptoms of pain. 7(2.1%) had malignant tumor, 11(3.2%) had leukoplakia, 18(5.8%) had lichen plannus, 98(30.06%) had ulceration, 67(20%) had candidiasis, 57(17.8%) had abscess. Total periodontal disease prevalence was 78.8 %,. Mean DMFT was 3.50±2.18, 50(15.6%) had dental trauma. Overall, one surface filling, two surface filling, extraction & pulp care restorations were most frequent treatment need. Conclusion: The study shows that HIV positive patients have poor oral health status. The use of antiretroviral drugs further depletes their oral health and is responsible for development of periodontal diseases, dental caries and oromucosal lesions. *Correspondence to: Vijayta Sharva, Senior Lecturer, Public Health Dentistry, Peoples Dental Academy, Bhopal (M.P.), India, E-mail: vijaytasharva@gmail.com