Konstruksi Alat Ukur Interaksi Guru-Siswa di Sekolah Dasar Inklusif

Abstract

Teacher effectiveness is reflected, among other things, on how they interact with students. This study was aimed at developing a reliable and valid teacher-student interaction scale to be used in inclusive primary schools. Collection of items (item pool) was conducted through literature study and focus group discussion, followed by content validity analysis. Factorial validity and internal consistency were examined by administering the scale to 101 teachers working in various inclusive primary schools in Jakarta. Factor analysis yielded three domains on teacher-student interaction with α = 0. 93. The three domains were emotional support (p = 0.11, RMSEA = 0.05, GFI = 0.91), classroom management (p = 0.13, RMSEA = 0.05, GFI = 0.90), and instructional support (p = 0.05, RMSEA = 0.06, GFI = 0.90). Convergence validity testing is recommended in subsequent research. Increased external validity can be achieved by involving teachers with a variety of demographic factors.[Efektivitas guru dalam mengajar tercermin antara lain dalam bagaimana guru berinteraksi dengan siswa. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menyusun alat ukur interaksi guru–siswa yang reliabel dan valid untuk digunakan dalam konteks pendidikan inklusif di tingkat sekolah dasar. Pengumpulan aitem (item pool) dilakukan berdasarkan studi literatur dan diskusi kelompok terfokus, lalu dilakukan pengujian validasi konten. Validitas faktorial dan konsistensi internal dilakukan dengan melibatkan 101 guru yang mengajar di berbagai sekolah dasar inklusif di Jakarta. Analisa faktor menghasilkan tiga ranah (domain) interaksi guru-siswa dengan α = 0. 93. Ketiga ranah tersebut adalah dukungan emosional (p = 0.11, RMSEA = 0.05, GFI = 0.91), manajemen kelas (p = 0.13, RMSEA = 0.05, GFI = 0.90), dan dukungan instruksional (p = 0.05, RMSEA = 0.06, GFI = 0.90). Pengujian validitas konvergen direkomendasikan dalam penelitian selanjutnya. Peningkatan validitas eksternal dapat dilakukan dengan melibatkan guru dengan beragam faktor demografis.]