Fabrication of non-replaceable superstructures on conventional and digital impression intraosseous implants

Abstract

Introduction: Implantology is the fastest growing specialty in dentistry. A key point for the accurate fabrication of fixed prosthetic structures is taking an accurate impression of the prosthetic field. The implant-prosthetic restoration of the masticatory apparatus after the composition of the function and aesthetics of the dentition through digital technology is gaining wider popularity. Aim: The purpose of this article is to address impression materials and compare the two methods of impression taking from implants—conventional and digital—and clarify their advantages and disadvantages. Materials and Methods: After reviewing materials, studies, and publications on the subject, we tried to pres-ent and systematize the main methods and techniques for taking an impression of implants in a conventional and digital way, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The search was conducted using various keywords and combinations: “transfer impression”, “conventional impression”, “intraoral scanner”, “CAD/ CAM”, “scan body”. Results: Forty-one original and review articles were reviewed. Impression materials, impression-taking techniques in permanent implant prosthodontics by conventional and digital methods, and types of intra-oral scanning systems are discussed. Conclusion: Taking an accurate impression is a key point in implantology. There are differences in the impression taking techniques of implants. Two main impression techniques are used, direct with an open tray and indirect with a closed tray. According to many literature sources, the open-tray impression technique is more precise and produces more accurate results, while others believe that the closed-tray technique is more accurate. More and more often, conventional impressions are being replaced by digital ones. Digital impressions entered dentistry and, in particular, implantology as an alternative to conventional ones for the restoration of small defects such as single crowns and short bridges.