Development of CRISPR-Cas systems for genome editing and beyond

IF 7.2 2区生物学 Q1 BIOPHYSICS

Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI:10.1017/S0033583519000052

F. Zhang

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引用次数: 82

Abstract

Abstract The development of clustered regularly interspaced short-palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas systems for genome editing has transformed the way life science research is conducted and holds enormous potential for the treatment of disease as well as for many aspects of biotechnology. Here, I provide a personal perspective on the development of CRISPR-Cas9 for genome editing within the broader context of the field and discuss our work to discover novel Cas effectors and develop them into additional molecular tools. The initial demonstration of Cas9-mediated genome editing launched the development of many other technologies, enabled new lines of biological inquiry, and motivated a deeper examination of natural CRISPR-Cas systems, including the discovery of new types of CRISPR-Cas systems. These new discoveries in turn spurred further technological developments. I review these exciting discoveries and technologies as well as provide an overview of the broad array of applications of these technologies in basic research and in the improvement of human health. It is clear that we are only just beginning to unravel the potential within microbial diversity, and it is quite likely that we will continue to discover other exciting phenomena, some of which it may be possible to repurpose as molecular technologies. The transformation of mysterious natural phenomena to powerful tools, however, takes a collective effort to discover, characterize, and engineer them, and it has been a privilege to join the numerous researchers who have contributed to this transformation of CRISPR-Cas systems.

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CRISPR-Cas系统在基因组编辑及其他领域的发展

用于基因组编辑的聚集规则间隔短回文重复(CRISPR)-Cas系统的发展已经改变了生命科学研究的进行方式，并且在疾病治疗以及生物技术的许多方面具有巨大的潜力。在这里，我就CRISPR-Cas9在该领域更广泛的背景下用于基因组编辑的发展提供了个人观点，并讨论了我们发现新型Cas效应物并将其开发成额外的分子工具的工作。cas9介导的基因组编辑的初步演示启动了许多其他技术的发展，启用了新的生物学探究线，并推动了对天然CRISPR-Cas系统的更深入研究，包括发现新型CRISPR-Cas系统。这些新发现反过来又刺激了进一步的技术发展。我回顾了这些令人兴奋的发现和技术，并概述了这些技术在基础研究和改善人类健康方面的广泛应用。很明显，我们只是刚刚开始揭示微生物多样性的潜力，很有可能我们会继续发现其他令人兴奋的现象，其中一些可能会被重新利用为分子技术。然而，将神秘的自然现象转化为强大的工具需要集体的努力来发现，表征和设计它们，我很荣幸能够加入众多为CRISPR-Cas系统的这种转化做出贡献的研究人员。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 生物-生物物理

CiteScore

12.90

自引率

1.60%

发文量

期刊介绍： Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics covers the field of experimental and computational biophysics. Experimental biophysics span across different physics-based measurements such as optical microscopy, super-resolution imaging, electron microscopy, X-ray and neutron diffraction, spectroscopy, calorimetry, thermodynamics and their integrated uses. Computational biophysics includes theory, simulations, bioinformatics and system analysis. These biophysical methodologies are used to discover the structure, function and physiology of biological systems in varying complexities from cells, organelles, membranes, protein-nucleic acid complexes, molecular machines to molecules. The majority of reviews published are invited from authors who have made significant contributions to the field, who give critical, readable and sometimes controversial accounts of recent progress and problems in their specialty. The journal has long-standing, worldwide reputation, demonstrated by its high ranking in the ISI Science Citation Index, as a forum for general and specialized communication between biophysicists working in different areas. Thematic issues are occasionally published.