Editorial: Follow up of NICU graduates: Neurodevelopmental Status and Handicaps

Sudershan Kumari
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Abstract

Several studies during last two decade have reported an increasing survival rate of high-risk neonates discharged from neonatal intensive care units (NICU)(l-4). In developed countries this has been achieved mainly due to decreasing mortality of very low birth weight ( < l 500gm) and extremely low birth weight babies (
社评:新生儿重症监护病房毕业生的随访:神经发育状况和残疾
过去二十年的几项研究报道了从新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)出院的高危新生儿的存活率增加(l-4)。在发达国家,实现这一目标的主要原因是极低出生体重(< 500克)和极低出生体重婴儿(< 500克)的死亡率下降。这些比率是通过改善围产期护理的若干干预措施实现的,包括:产前(产前类固醇、早产、细菌性阴道病、宫内生长迟缓、膜早破和其他妊娠并发症的处理)。分娩管理:预防分娩过程中窒息、体温过低和药物使用,并在新生儿转移到更高中心前稳定新生儿。D .监护、重症监护、机械通气、产后表面活性剂、各种系统问题处理等方面的技术进步。Klausen等人(5)报道了对新生儿重症监护室毕业生的首次基于人群的学龄前随访,并观察到与健康儿童相比,需要新生儿重症监护室护理的学龄前儿童在一系列领域(身体能力、发育、气质和行为等)的健康状况和健康相关的生活质量较差。然而,尽管技术进步改善了新生儿/围产期护理,脑瘫和神经发育障碍的随访率并没有下降,因为高风险患者的存活率增加了新生儿重症监护病房神经功能障碍患者的绝对数量(6)。一些工人报告说,工业化国家的婴儿出生体重从较高转向极低,在工业化国家,越来越多地报道微型早产儿的存活率与残疾和神经感觉问题的发生率有关。在印度,我们有高出生率的问题,低出生体重婴儿的静态发生率(<2500克;2/3发育迟缓,占30%
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