Healthcare public health in disasters and emergencies

E. Jessop
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Abstract

Public health and health systems must prepare a plan for the emergencies and disasters that will inevitably occur sooner or later. Such plans are needed at global, national, and local levels. A basic framework for emergency preparedness will include a cycle of plan–prepare–respond–recover–report. Planning includes consideration of all events that may occur, prioritized by severity and likelihood. Preparation includes consideration of staff, supplies, structures, and systems—including decision and communication systems. For mass casualty incidents, public health will likely have a lesser role in the response phase; but for pandemics, public health expertise is crucial. A prolonged recovery phase must be expected, even for acute incidents such as earthquakes and terrorism. Post-disaster incident reports allow learning to be shared; such reports also feed back into a revised plan. Mental healthcare and service abroad require specific attention. The concept of ‘everyday resilience’ can help systems to cope.
灾害和紧急情况下的公共卫生
公共卫生和卫生系统必须为迟早不可避免发生的紧急情况和灾害制定计划。在全球、国家和地方各级都需要这样的计划。应急准备的基本框架将包括一个计划-准备-应对-恢复-报告周期。计划包括考虑所有可能发生的事件,按严重性和可能性排序。准备工作包括考虑人员、供应、结构和系统——包括决策和通信系统。对于大规模伤亡事件,公共卫生在应对阶段的作用可能较小;但对于流行病,公共卫生专业知识至关重要。即使是地震和恐怖主义等严重事件,也必须预料到恢复阶段会很长。灾后事件报告可以分享经验教训;这些报告也会反馈到修订后的计划中。国外的心理保健和服务需要特别关注。“日常恢复力”的概念可以帮助系统应对。
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