Test of Neoclassical Realism to Explain Reasons of U.S. Withdrawal (2021) from Afghanistan

Q3 Social Sciences
A. Rashid, Anjum Gul
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Abstract

Smithsonian magazine (Jan-Feb) 2019 edition published facts about U.S. military intrusion in 14 countries including Afghanistan, as a consequence of the 9/11, 2001 attacks on its soil. U.S. invasion and its following bleak strategy raise questions on the rationale of this decision because Afghanistan had never been that powerful and capable of posing a security threat to U.S. Foreign invasion and following withdrawal that is pledged to be completed 9/11, 2021 have its specific reasons as well as implications in the region that need to be explored. Hence, the pretext of military invasion on the territory of Afghanistan and maintaining it for two decades is not very strong. However, after this long military presence the U.S. finally decided to withdraw from the state that could be strategically important. Little scholarly work has been done to explain the reasons of withdrawal of superpower from a small country after a long-time presence. South Asia is one of the important regions to study for several reasons firstly considerable size of the region’s population, strategic location, contribution to the productive capacity of the world, and variations in political systems. The theory of neoclassical realism better explains the role of a domestic political system to distort the pursuit of security. It focuses on the behaviour of the United States in deciding on withdrawal. This study addresses a key research question that is, why the United States, being a superpower willingly withdraws its military presence from a much smaller country, Afghanistan that could have a strategic value.
新古典现实主义检验解释美国从阿富汗撤军的原因(2021年)
美国《史密森尼》杂志2019年1月- 2月刊登了2001年“9·11”恐怖袭击后,美国对包括阿富汗在内的14个国家进行军事入侵的事实。美国的入侵及其随后的黯淡战略引发了对这一决定的基本理由的质疑,因为阿富汗从来没有那么强大,也没有能力对美国构成安全威胁。外国入侵和承诺于2021年9月11日完成的撤军有其具体的原因,以及对该地区的影响,需要探索。因此,对阿富汗领土进行军事入侵并将其维持20年的借口并不十分有力。然而,在长期的军事存在之后,美国最终决定从这个可能具有重要战略意义的州撤出。很少有学术研究来解释超级大国从一个长期存在的小国撤出的原因。南亚是值得研究的重要地区之一,原因有以下几点:首先,该地区人口众多,战略位置优越,对世界生产能力的贡献,以及政治制度的变化。新古典现实主义理论更好地解释了国内政治制度在扭曲对安全的追求方面的作用。它关注的是美国在决定撤军时的行为。这项研究解决了一个关键的研究问题,即美国作为一个超级大国,为什么愿意从一个可能具有战略价值的小得多的国家阿富汗撤出其军事存在。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Central Asia and the Caucasus
Central Asia and the Caucasus Social Sciences-Political Science and International Relations
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