Control of malting barley Fusarium head blight by bioagents

Z. Gazdík, Tomáš Vymětal, R. Koprna, L. Lojková, R. Cerkal
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

The routine and prophylactic use of fungicides in cereals leads to increased aggressiveness of Fusarium infections. Cross-resistance to triazole compounds represents a significant health risk to both plants and humans. The application of some widely used fungicides causes increased production of DON. Residual concentrations of hydrophobic triazoles change chemical profile of malt and cause delayed fermentation with an impact on alcohol content. Increasing legislative restrictions of pesticide applications encourage the search for alternatives, starting with the overview of current state of knowledge on biological protection against Fusarium spp. Despite the fact that bioagents have been researched intensively, including field applications and several registrations, biological preparations for disease control against Fusarium head blight (FHB) of malting barley are not used on a mass scale. Generally, bioagents appear to be quite sensitive to environmental changes and soil variability, which causes problems with the evaluation of their effectiveness under field conditions. For efficient disease control of malting barley, the application based on biopreparations registered against FHB combined with weather prediction system can be recommended. With an emphasis on the occurrence of Fusarium graminearum as a key producer of deoxynivalenol (DON), the prediction system for malting barley should be employed from plant emerging to milk stage. When predicting a high incidence of the pathogen, chemical intervention must be considered. However, repeated application of bioagents in field conditions together with the implementation of bioagents directly into the malting process proved to be a promising way to decrease chemical interventions from the cultivation of malting barley.
生物制剂防治麦芽枯萎病的研究
在谷物中常规和预防性使用杀菌剂会增加镰刀菌感染的侵袭性。对三唑类化合物的交叉抗性对植物和人类都有重大的健康风险。一些广泛使用的杀菌剂的使用导致DON的产量增加。疏水三唑的残留浓度改变了麦芽的化学特征,导致发酵延迟,影响了酒精含量。越来越多的立法限制农药的使用鼓励寻找替代品,首先概述了目前对镰刀菌病的生物保护知识。尽管生物制剂已经进行了深入的研究,包括田间应用和一些登记,但用于控制麦芽镰刀菌头疫病(FHB)的生物制剂尚未大规模使用。一般来说,生物制剂似乎对环境变化和土壤变异非常敏感,这导致了在野外条件下评价其有效性的问题。为有效防治麦芽病害,可将生物防治技术与气象预报系统相结合。以稻瘟病菌镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)作为脱氧雪腐镰刀菌醇(脱氧雪腐镰刀菌)的主要产生菌的发生为重点,建议采用从植株出苗期到泌乳期的大麦酿酒预测系统。当预测病原体的高发病率时,必须考虑化学干预。然而,在田间条件下反复施用生物制剂,并在酿造过程中直接施用生物制剂,被证明是减少酿造大麦栽培中化学干预的一种有希望的方法。
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