“If There Were One People”: Francis Weninger and the Segregation of American Catholicism

IF 0.3 3区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY
David Komline
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Abstract This article uses the career of Francis Weninger—an Austrian Jesuit who traversed the United States preaching mostly to German audiences—to trace the development of Roman Catholic approaches to African American missions from the end of the Civil War to the rise of Jim Crow. The study proceeds in two parts, each of which addresses three themes. The first half treats Weninger's work among American Germans, examining the historical context, mission strategy, and revivalistic activity involved in Weninger’s work among his fellow immigrants. The second half details Weninger's evangelistic efforts among African Americans, reversing the order of these themes: first, it describes his activity, then, his strategy and motivation, and, finally, how Weninger's work fits into the broader context of Catholic race relations. The paper shows that the activism of Francis Weninger, the most significant Catholic advocate of missions to African Americans during the key time period in which the American Catholic church adopted an official policy of racial segregation, helped both to stimulate and to define later Roman Catholic initiatives to evangelize African Americans. Weninger modeled his approach to evangelizing African Americans directly on his work among German immigrants, encouraging both groups to establish their own ethnically and racially segregated parishes.
《如果只有一个民族》:弗朗西斯·温宁格与美国天主教的种族隔离
本文以弗朗西斯·温宁格(Francis weninger)的职业生涯为例,追溯了从内战结束到吉姆·克劳(Jim Crow)的兴起,罗马天主教对非裔美国人传教方法的发展。温宁格是一位奥地利耶稣会士,他走遍美国,主要向德国听众传教。本研究分两部分进行,每一部分涉及三个主题。前半部分论述了维宁格在美籍德国人中的工作,考察了维宁格在他的移民同胞中工作的历史背景、传教策略和复兴活动。后半部分详细描述了维宁格在非裔美国人中间的福音努力,颠倒了这些主题的顺序:首先,它描述了他的活动,然后,他的策略和动机,最后,维宁格的工作如何融入天主教种族关系的更广泛背景。本文指出,在美国天主教会采取官方种族隔离政策的关键时期,弗朗西斯·温宁格(Francis Weninger)是向非裔美国人传教的最重要的天主教倡导者,他的行动主义有助于刺激和确定后来罗马天主教向非裔美国人传教的倡议。维宁格将他向非裔美国人传福音的方法直接模仿为他在德国移民中的工作,鼓励这两个群体建立自己的种族和种族隔离的教区。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.40
自引率
25.00%
发文量
7
期刊介绍: Religion and American Culture is devoted to promoting the ongoing scholarly discussion of the nature, terms, and dynamics of religion in America. Embracing a diversity of methodological approaches and theoretical perspectives, this semiannual publication explores the interplay between religion and other spheres of American culture. Although concentrated on specific topics, articles illuminate larger patterns, implications, or contexts of American life. Edited by Philip Goff, Stephen Stein, and Peter Thuesen.
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