Emerging mycotoxins in botanicals: benefit and risk

IF 2.6 3区 农林科学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
E. Ferrer, N. Pallarés, G. Font, H. Berrada, Sift Desk Journals Open Access Journals
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Background: Fusarium species are responsible for production of emerging mycotoxins with cyclic hexadepsispeptides structures, like enniatins and beauvericin. Although these mycotoxins have not been regulated yet, their high prevalence in food and feed, as well as their potential toxic effects in humans and animals have made of them a burning issue and a threat to food security. Besides its inophoric properties, these mycotoxins may induce cells damages such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial modifications and the disruption on the cell cycle related to several health adverse effects such as immunotoxicity, genotoxicity, endocrine toxicity and neurotoxicity. Moreover, they showed interesting activity against various microorganisms and insects in several studies, leading to a potential use in pesticide and medicine research, as potential candidates for anticancer therapy. Botanicals can go contaminated by mycotoxins when the harvesting practices or manufacturing conditions are inadequate, which make mandatory their study. Methods: This review explores emerging mycotoxins occurrence in several botanicals forms and discuss their possible prejudicial and beneficial effects. Results: Several researchers have reported mycotoxins occurrence at low incidences and levels in botanicals. Despite emerging mycotoxins toxic effects, beneficial properties have been attributed to these mycotoxins by several authors. These compounds are related to insecticidal activity, antibacterial properties, and antifungal and antiviral activities. Cell organelles or enzyme systems are the targets in its antimicrobial activity. Data collected showed also that emerging mycotoxins are involved in capacity of the multidrug transport protein in human cancer cells modulation and apoptotic cell death induction, several researchers are explaining the possibility to employ them with medicinal purpose. Conclusion: More studies are required to explore enniatins and beauvericin possible applications in medicinal and pesticide research. Furthermore, it is important to highlight that the regulation of emerging mycotoxins in food must be revised and updated.
植物药中新出现的真菌毒素:益处和风险
背景:镰刀菌负责产生具有环六磷酸肽结构的新型真菌毒素,如enniatins和beauvericin。虽然这些真菌毒素尚未受到管制,但它们在食品和饲料中的高流行率以及对人类和动物的潜在毒性作用已使它们成为一个亟待解决的问题,并对粮食安全构成威胁。除了它的营养特性外,这些真菌毒素还可能引起细胞损伤,如氧化应激、线粒体修饰和与免疫毒性、遗传毒性、内分泌毒性和神经毒性等几种健康不良影响相关的细胞周期中断。此外,在几项研究中,它们对各种微生物和昆虫表现出有趣的活性,这使得它们在农药和医学研究中具有潜在的用途,作为抗癌治疗的潜在候选者。当采收方法或生产条件不充分时,植物药可能受到真菌毒素的污染,因此必须对其进行研究。方法:本文综述了几种植物性真菌毒素的新出现形式,并讨论了它们可能的有害和有益作用。结果:一些研究人员报道了真菌毒素在植物药中的发生率和水平较低。尽管出现了真菌毒素的毒性作用,但一些作者认为这些真菌毒素具有有益的特性。这些化合物与杀虫活性、抗菌性能、抗真菌和抗病毒活性有关。细胞器或酶系统是其抗菌活性的靶点。收集的数据还表明,新出现的真菌毒素参与了人类癌细胞多药转运蛋白的能力调节和凋亡细胞死亡诱导,一些研究人员正在解释将其用于医学目的的可能性。结论:在药用和农药研究中,还需要更多的研究来探索千疮菌素和beauvericin的可能应用。此外,必须强调的是,必须修订和更新食品中新出现的真菌毒素的法规。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
274
审稿时长
11 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Food Science and Technology (JFST) is the official publication of the Association of Food Scientists and Technologists of India (AFSTI). This monthly publishes peer-reviewed research papers and reviews in all branches of science, technology, packaging and engineering of foods and food products. Special emphasis is given to fundamental and applied research findings that have potential for enhancing product quality, extend shelf life of fresh and processed food products and improve process efficiency. Critical reviews on new perspectives in food handling and processing, innovative and emerging technologies and trends and future research in food products and food industry byproducts are also welcome. The journal also publishes book reviews relevant to all aspects of food science, technology and engineering.
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