PRAME pathway in oral carcinogenesis: A systematic review

Abstract

High morbidity and mortality associated with oral cancers and its high incidence and prevalence necessitates earlier diagnosis and effective management. Despite of ease in morphological accessibility, oral cancers are still diagnosed mostly in advanced stages chiefly due to lack of effective and cheap screening tools.The search of a suitable biomarker, which can diagnose, oral cancer effectively and can predict the progression of Oral Potentially malignant Disorders (OMPD) to Oral Cancer with accuracy, still exists. PRAME (Preferentially Expressed Antigen of Melanoma) is one such biomarker, which is a dominant repressor of Vitamin A (Vit A). Vit A, chiefly Retinoic Acid (RA) is extensively used these days for chemoprevention owing to its role in cell growth and differentiation. RA emerged as a cheap and acceptable chemo preventive agent since RA is readily available in the form of Vit A food supplements, Vit A is being used in patients with various grades of OPMDs and oral cancer, but its efficiency is still debatable owing to its mixed results in various cancers. Inconsistency in efficient results led to study of various molecules like PRAME, which is involved in RA metabolic pathway thereby modulating the outcome and efficacy of Retinoic Acid chemoprevention. *Correspondence to: Rahul Pandey, Scientist, DHR-MRU,King George Medical University, Lucknow226003, U.P, India, Tel: 9889175042; E-mail: pandey.rahul.dr@gmail.com