On the new prospects in biology inspired by epigenetics

M. Krasteva
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

The epigenetic revolution that has happened very recently in biology has challenged the long-term traditional views of the genetic code. A new scientific era has emerged. These outstanding data made us reconsider major concepts in molecular genetics and outlined new perspectives, some of which are discussed here. First, it became apparent that heredity is determined not only by the primary DNA sequence but also by epigenetic factors controlling whether and when a gene will be turned on or off. These include modifications in the DNA or the associated proteins, which modulate gene function by causing changes in chromatin that affect DNA accessibility. Second, it turned out that though conservative, the genome is dynamic and changeable in response to environmental conditions. Third, a new value to nature vs. nurture debate was added demonstrating that these are not separate aspects but have a combined influence mediated through epigenetics. Forth, the epigenetics outburst contributed also to another controversial scientific field – the transgenerational inheritance. Evidence was provided that there are mechanisms for epigenetic transmission of environmentally induced changes that occur long before conception from a parent to the offspring. Fifth, the role of the psyche was given greater importance after the discovery that emotional stress may cause epigenetic changes in our heredity molecules. And sixth, a role of epigenetics in the disease was also established since epigenetic changes were related to many human disorders, thus providing possibilities for the development of more effective therapeutic approaches. Biomed Rev 2020;
论表观遗传学对生物学的启示
最近在生物学中发生的表观遗传学革命挑战了长期以来对遗传密码的传统看法。一个新的科学时代已经出现。这些出色的数据使我们重新考虑分子遗传学的主要概念,并概述了新的观点,其中一些在这里讨论。首先,很明显,遗传不仅取决于原始DNA序列,还取决于控制基因是否开启或关闭以及何时开启或关闭的表观遗传因素。这些包括DNA或相关蛋白质的修饰,它们通过引起影响DNA可及性的染色质变化来调节基因功能。其次,虽然基因组是保守的,但它是动态的,并且随着环境条件的变化而变化。第三,对先天与后天的争论增加了一个新的价值,表明这些不是单独的方面,而是通过表观遗传学介导的综合影响。第四,表观遗传学的爆发也促成了另一个有争议的科学领域-跨代遗传。有证据表明,有机制的表观遗传传递环境诱导的变化,发生早在受孕之前从父母到后代。第五,在发现情绪压力可能导致我们的遗传分子发生表观遗传变化之后,心理的作用得到了更大的重视。第六,由于表观遗传变化与许多人类疾病有关,因此也确定了表观遗传学在疾病中的作用,从而为开发更有效的治疗方法提供了可能性。Biomed Rev 2020;
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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