Prevalence And Characteristics Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Associated Kaposi Sarcoma

Abstract

Skin manifestations are frequently associated with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) is one of the most common cancers seen in people with HIV, and is an AIDS defining illness. The incidence of HIV associated Kaposi's Sarcoma has decreased since the advent of antiretroviral drugs in developed countries. This is not the case with Cameroon people present with generalized and aggressive KS. This study reviews the characteristics and prevalence of KS and the impact of antiretroviral drugs in a treatment center in YaoundE, Cameroon. The prevalence of KS among HIV infected patients was found to be 10.0%. Both sexes were equally affected unlike in endemic KS which is more common in males. Most patients had generalized disease, and death occurred within six months of diagnosis. These cases were associated with low CD4 cell count, anemia and low platelet counts. Patients with less extensive lesions, had tumor regression ranging from partial to total when Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy was administered. Early diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy will decrease morbidity, mortality and severe Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) common in patients with aggressive HIV associated KS.