Population reproduction among forced migrants of the European North in the 1930s: crisis and adaptation

Abstract

The article is based on the materials of three regions of the European North, which were part of the Northern Territory in 1929–1936 (Arkhangelsk, Vologda and Komi Autonomous Regions) the article considers the reproduction of the population in special settlements through the analysis of the birth rate and mortality of forced migrants - «former kulaks» (labor settlers) in the 1930s. The level of mortality and birth rate, as well as the ratio of these indicators, is considered. A multiple excess of mortality over birth rate and increased natural decline in violent migrants in the first half of the 1930s were revealed. The stabilization of the situation in the mid-1930s and the excess of fertility over mortality in the second half of the 1930s suggests that the crisis of reproduction, adaptation and improvement of natural movement indicators in violent migrants has been overcome.