Management of Charcoal Rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) Infection in Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L) Using Biocontrol Agents and Essential Oils

Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security Pub Date : 2019-01-11 DOI:10.21608/JENVBS.2018.6399.1039

Azza A. Ghazi, E. Attia, N. Rashed

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引用次数: 6

Abstract

IN a trial to control charcoal rot disease (Macrophomina phaseolina) in geranium using ecofriendly strategies, antagonistic microbes and essential oils were used. the treatments included three bacterial isolates, Bacillus polymixa, B. circulance, B. Subtilis and one fungus Tricoderma harzianum in addition to five essential oils, (Syzygium aromaticum(cloves), Ocimum basilicum L. (basil), Mentha spicata (Spearmint), Majorana hortensis Moench (Marjoram) and Mentha piperita L. (Peppermint). The in vitro antagonistic effect of microbial isolates and essential oils against M. phaseolina isolated from infected geranium was estimated in Petri plats, The essential oils were used in three concentrations 1, 3 and 5 microliter/plate. the most promising treatments were applied in an artificially infested geranium in a greenhouse experiment along two growing seasons of 2017, 2018. The in vitro screening step indicated that among the treatments, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum were the most promising microbes against the fungal pathogen under study using the dual culture technique. On the other hand, Peppermint oil recorded the highest reduction in radial growth of pathogen followed by Basil oil while Marjoram oil had no effect on the growth of pathogen. The green house experiment showed that, most treatments were efficient in pathogenicity reduction but the microbial treatment exhibited an advantage over essential oil where growth and yield parameters were sharply improved. The maximum enhancement was attained at T5 treatment (infested + dipping for 30 min before planting and spraying with T. harzianum after every cutting process) at all cuts during 2017 and 2018 seasons. Also, T. harzianum increased oil %, which recorded 0.45, 0.30 and 0.38% at 2017 season and 0.47, 0.31 and 0.39% at 2018 season for 1st, 2nd and 3rd cut respectively. Therefore, microbial and essential oil treatments not only reduced the fungal infection but also enhanced vegetative growth of geranium plants.

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生物防治剂和精油对天竺葵炭腐病的防治

在一项利用生态友好策略控制天竺葵炭腐病(Macrophomina phaseolina)的试验中，使用拮抗微生物和精油。处理包括3种分离细菌，即多杂芽孢杆菌、循环芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和一种真菌哈兹木霉，以及5种精油，分别为丁香、罗勒、薄荷、马郁兰和薄荷。以1、3、5 microl /plate为浓度，在培养皿中测定了微生物分离物和精油对染病天竺葵分离物的体外拮抗作用。在2017年和2018年两个生长季节的温室试验中，对人工侵染的天竺葵进行了最有希望的处理。体外筛选步骤表明，在双重培养技术中，枯草芽孢杆菌和哈茨木霉是最有希望对抗真菌病原体的微生物。另一方面，薄荷油对病原菌径向生长的抑制作用最大，其次是罗勒油，而马郁兰油对病原菌的生长没有影响。温室试验表明，大多数处理都能有效地降低致病性，但微生物处理比精油处理更有优势，其生长和产量参数都得到了显著改善。在2017年和2018年季节，T5处理(种植前侵染+浸渍30分钟，每次扦插后喷施哈兹兰)对所有扦插均有最大的促进作用。另外，哈兹兰第1、2、3季的含油率分别为0.45%、0.30%、0.38%、0.47%、0.31%、0.39%，2017年和2018年的含油率分别为0.45%、0.30%、0.38%。因此，微生物和精油处理不仅可以减少真菌感染，还可以促进天竺葵植株的营养生长。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security

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